风载对高速列车蛇行运动稳定性影响  

Influence of Wind Load on the Hunting Stability of High-Speed Trains

作　　者：孙丽霞 王友彪 胡晓依 李红梅 成棣 SUN Lixia;WANG Youbiao;HU Xiaoyi;LI Hongmei;CHENG Di(Railway Science and Technology Research and Development Center,China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited,Beijing 100081,China;Wheel-Rail System Laboratory,National Engineering Research Center of System Technology for High-Speed Railway and Urban Rail Transit,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司铁道科学技术研究发展中心 [2]高速铁路与城轨交通系统技术国家工程研究中心轮轨关系实验室

出　　处：《中国铁道科学》2023年第4期177-186,共10页China Railway Science

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(N2022T001);中国铁道科学研究院集团有限公司院基金课题(2020YJ165)。

摘　　要：采用空气动力学和车辆动力学2种分析方法,建立考虑横风作用的高速列车空气动力学模型,分析不同风速及车速条件下列车所受的气动载荷特性变化规律;建立车辆-轨道耦合动力学模型,对高速列车在不同风速横风和轨道不平顺组合作用下头车、尾车和中间车的蛇行失稳临界速度、蛇行振动极限环幅值、蛇行振动频率、蛇行失稳特征等进行对比分析。结果表明:高速列车通过横风区段时产生的气动载荷对其蛇行失稳临界速度有明显影响,头车的蛇行临界速度较无风时明显下降,尾车及中间车的降幅次之;无风与风载工况下车辆的蛇行失稳形式存在本质区别,无风工况下车辆易发生二次蛇行,风载作用下车辆易发生一次蛇行;风载作用下,车辆发生蛇行失稳的最不利工况为较大的等效气动横向力和较大的气动升力共同作用的组合工况;风载和轨道不平顺的持续时间对车辆蛇行运动极限环振动幅值会产生影响,因此在评估高速列车在大风工况下的运行安全性时,有必要考虑实际的风载和轨道不平顺激励的大小和持续时间。The coupling analysis method of aerodynamics and vehicle dynamics was used to establish the aerodynamic models of high-speed trains considering crosswind effects and to analyze the variation laws of aerodynamic load characteristics of trains under different wind speeds and running speeds.The vehicle-track coupling dynamics model was established,and the critical speed of hunting instability,the amplitude of limit cycle and frequency of hunting vibration and the hunting instability characteristics of the head car,tail car and middle car of a high-speed train were compared and analyzed under the combined action of crosswind in different wind speeds and track irregularity.Results show that the aerodynamic load produced by the high-speed train passing through the crosswind section has a significant influence on its critical speed of hunting instability.The critical hunting speed of the head car decreased significantly,followed by that of the tail car and the middle car.There are essential differences between the hunting instability forms of vehicles in windless and wind load conditions.The vehicle is prone to secondary hunting under windless conditions,and primary hunting under crosswind conditions.For the wind load case,the most unfavorable condition for the vehicle hunting instability is the combination condition of large equivalent aerodynamic lateral force and large aerodynamic lift force.The action time of wind load and track irregularity has an effect on the amplitude of limit cycle of vehicle hunting.Therefore,it is necessary to consider the real wind load and track irregularity magnitude and action time when evaluating the operation safety of high-speed trains under wind conditions.

关 键 词：风载 高速列车 蛇行运动稳定性 蛇行失稳 气动力 轨道不平顺 

分 类 号：U270.33[机械工程—车辆工程]