可悬停扑翼飞行器研究现状与关键技术  

Current Status and Key Techniques of Hovering Flapping-wing Air Vehicles

作　　者：张逸晨 赵佳欣 韩昊奇 张卫平[1] 崔峰[1] 刘武[1] ZHANG Yichen;ZHAO Jiaxin;HAN Haoqi;ZHANG Weiping;CUI Feng;LIU Wu(National Key Lab of Micro-Nano Fabrication Technology,Department of Micro-Nano Electronics,School of Electronic Information and Electrical Engineering,Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai 200240,China)

机构地区：[1]上海交通大学电子信息与电气工程学院微纳电子系微米纳米加工技术全国重点实验室,上海200240

出　　处：《无人系统技术》2023年第3期1-18,共18页Unmanned Systems Technology

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(61871266);上海专业技术服务平台项目(19DZ2291103)。

摘　　要：可悬停扑翼飞行器模仿自然界定点滞空昆虫和鸟类的飞行特点,隐蔽性高、灵活机动、应用环境多样,具有突出的理论和实用价值,引起了世界范围的广泛关注。对可悬停扑翼飞行器的研究现状和发展方向进行了综合评述。首先总结了近年来最突出的研究成果,按照微扑翼尺寸分类分别介绍MAV、NAV、PAV尺度下可悬停扑翼微飞行器的样机构型、动力系统、质量分配与飞行性能,统计了升力、翼展、质量、扑翼幅值等重要参数,介绍了电机、压电和电磁驱动扑翼微飞行器最具代表性的研究工作;然后针对目前飞行器研究运用的升力产生原理、飞行稳定性分析、功耗效率优化、续航能力等关键技术进行了分析和总结;最后讨论了扑翼飞行器亟待突破的技术难题和未来发展方向。The hovering flapping-wing air vehicle mimics the flying characteristics of hovering insects and birds in nature,with the advantages of high concealment,flexible mobility and diverse application environments.It has outstanding theoretical and practical value,and has attracted extensive attention in the world.The research status and development direction of hovering flapping-wing air vehicle are comprehensively reviewed.Firstly,this paper summarizes the most outstanding research results in the world in recent years,and introduces the prototype configuration,power system,mass distribution and flight performance of hovering flapping-wing micro-aircraft at the scales of MAV,NAV,and PAV according to the size of the flapping wing.Important parameters such as lift,wingspan,mass,and flapping amplitude are highlighted.The most representative research work on flapping-wing micro-aircraft driven by motors,piezoelectrics and electromagnetics is introduced.Then,the key technologies such as lift generation principle,flight stability analysis,power consumption efficiency optimization and endurance capability are analyzed and summarized.Finally,the technical problems and future development direction of the flapping-wing aircraft are discussed.

关 键 词：仿生 悬停 微型飞行器 机器人 微加工技术 扑翼 飞行原理 

分 类 号：V276[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计] TB17[生物学—生物工程] TP242[自动化与计算机技术—检测技术与自动化装置]