从普职分离到普职融通的发展——德国基础教育学制发展研究  

Transition from Separated General-Vocational Education to Integrated General-Vocational Education:Research on School System Development in Germany

作　　者：赵文艺 方蕾蕾 冯永刚 ZHAO Wenyi;FANG Leilei;FENG Yonggang(Faculty of Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学教育学部,济南250014

出　　处：《基础教育参考》2023年第9期29-39,共11页Basic Education Review

基　　金：教育部教育管理信息中心教育管理与决策研究服务专项2022年度委托课题“基础教育学制变革管理及发展趋势研究”(编号:MOE-CIEM-2022020)。

摘　　要：德国基础教育学制发展在其教育发展的过程中发挥着重要作用。文章从历史变迁中厘清德国基础教育学制的结构和发展,以当前德国基础教育学制为重点探究其特点,包括制定多项政策普及高质量学前教育,关注教育公平建立综合学校和加强理论投入助力高等职业教育,分析了重要相关政策和发展成效。当前,德国仍要面对数字化教育快速发展下的建设不足和教育事业壮大下的师资缺乏的挑战。At present,China’s basic education school system is in the stage of seeking development and innovation.The development experience of the German basic education school system is of great significance to China.Germany’s basic education system development plays a significant role in its overall educational progress.This article seeks to clarify the structure and evolution of Germany’s basic education system through an exploration of its historical transitions.The focus is placed on the current characteristics of Germany’s basic education system,including the implementation of various policies to promote high-quality preschool education,the emphasis on educational equity through the establishment of comprehensive schools,and the increase of theoretical input to support higher vocational education.Furthermore,the analysis encompasses related policies and their respective outcomes.The analysis of the National Report on Education 2022 illustrates the challenges for the future development of education in Germany:the lack of construction in the face of the rapid development of digital education and the lack of teachers in the face of the growth of education.

关 键 词：德国 基础教育 学制 学前教育 普职融通 双元制 

分 类 号：G51[文化科学—教育学]