情感的变奏——康德道德哲学接纳情感的三种方式  

Variation of emotions-Three ways of accepting emotions by Kant's moral philosophy

作　　者：惠永照 Hui Yongzhao(College of Political Science and Public Administration,Henan Normal University,Xinxiang,453007)

机构地区：[1]河南师范大学政治与公共管理学院

出　　处：《哲学评论》2023年第1期258-274,共17页Wuda Philosophical Review

基　　金：国家社科基金一般项目“康德道德心理学研究”(22BZX073)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：虽然康德道德哲学将道德的基础建立在纯粹理性之上,但情感仍然可以通过“变奏”而被接纳进道德哲学之中。情感进行变奏从而进入康德道德哲学的方式有三种:由理性而生发,由义务而纯化和由目的而升华。三种方式分别适用于三种不同类型的情感:敬重和道德愉悦这类智性的道德情感由理性自身而生发,爱和同情等经验性的道德情感通过成为德性义务而获得纯粹化,美和激情等自然情感基于道德目的论也获得了道德上的某种承认,因而由目的而得以升华。然而情感的道德化并不意味着取消自然情感,自然情感也并不能够被道德情感所取代,自然情感服务于人的幸福,道德情感服务于人的德性,二者相互协调,共同构成了人生两个相对独立但都极其重要的方面。Although Kant's moral philosophy bases morality on pure reason,emotions can still be accepted into moral philosophy through“variation”in some way.There are three ways for emotions to enter Kant's moral philosophy:Born from reason,purified from duty,and sublimated from purpose.The three ways are applicable to three different types of emotions:These intellectual moral emotions,such as respect and moral pleasure,are generated by reason itself;and empirical moral emotions,such as love and sympathy,are purified by becoming moral duties;then natural emotions,such as beauty and passion,have also obtained some moral recognition based on moral teleology,so they can be sublimated by purpose.However,the moralization of emotion does not mean the elimination of natural emotion.Natural emotions can not be replaced by moral emotions.Natural emotions serve people's happiness and moral emotions serve people's virtue.They coordinate with each other and jointly constitute two relatively independent but extremely important aspects of life.

关 键 词：自然情感 道德情感 情感的变奏 敬重 爱 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]