COⅠ和16S rRNA基因在鱼胶品种鉴别中的适用性研究  

Applicability studies of COⅠand 16S rRNA genes in the identification of fish maw species

作　　者：管金梦 毛相朝[1] 马海霞[2] 邓建朝[2] 胡晓[2] 戚勃[2] 杨贤庆[2] GUAN Jinmeng;MAO Xiangzhao;MA Haixia;DENG Jianchao;HU Xiao;QI Bo;YANG Xianqing(College of Food Science and Engineering,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266003,China;South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences,Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing,Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,Guangzhou 510300,China)

机构地区：[1]中国海洋大学食品科学与工程学院,山东青岛266003 [2]中国水产科学研究院南海水产研究所农业农村部水产品加工重点实验室,广东广州510300

出　　处：《食品与发酵工业》2023年第21期89-94,共6页Food and Fermentation Industries

基　　金：广东省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项资金项目(2023KJ151);国家海水鱼产业技术体系岗位科学家专项(CARS-47)。

摘　　要：为建立准确的鱼胶鉴别技术,该研究从DNA条形码的角度出发,分析了细胞色素氧化酶亚基I基因(cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ,COⅠ)和核糖体16S rRNA基因(16S ribosomal RNA,16S rRNA)在鱼胶品种中的鉴别适用性。选用3对通用引物对五大类鱼胶产品共30个样品的COⅠ基因和16S rRNA基因的序列片段进行PCR扩增和测序,利用DnaSP 6.12、Mega 11软件进行了DNA序列分析和遗传差异分析,最终基于邻接法(neighbor-joining,N-J)构建进化树。结果显示,在基因片段序列分析方面,2种基因片段都表现出核苷酸碱基偏倚性,16S rRNA基因序列变异率远小于COⅠ基因,16S rRNA基因遗传物质更具有稳定性。在遗传距离方面,COⅠ序列和16S rRNA序列种内平均遗传距离分别为0.56%和0.37%,种间平均遗传距离分别为20.26%和13.93%。从建树结果来看,16S rRNA基因在部分同源性较高的物种鉴别中不如COⅠ基因分类明确,但也能区分出五大类鱼胶。因此建议联合使用COⅠ和16S rRNA两种基因作为鱼胶品种鉴别的DNA条形码,鉴别准确率可达100%。To establish an accurate identification method for fish maw,this study analyzed the applicability of the cytochrome c oxidase subunitⅠ(COⅠ)gene and 16S ribosomal RNA(16S rRNA)gene from a DNA barcoding perspective in fish maw.Evolutionary analysis was performed by amplifying and sequencing COⅠand 16S rRNA gene fragments of 30 samples from five major types of fish maw products,using three pairs of universal primers.DNA sequence and genetic difference analyses were conducted using DnaSP 6.12 and Mega 11,then an evolutionary tree was constructed based on the Neighbor-Joining method.The results revealed that both gene fragments displayed a nucleotide base bias,with the sequence variation rate of the 16S rRNA gene significantly lower than that of the COⅠgene,indicating greater genetic stability for the 16S rRNA gene.The COⅠand 16S rRNA sequences exhibited average intra-specific genetic distances of 0.56%and 0.37%,respectively;and average inter-specific genetic distances of 20.26%and 13.93%,respectively.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that both genes can differentiate among the five major classes of fish maw,with the 16S rRNA gene exhibiting slightly lower discriminatory power than the COⅠgene in identifying certain species with high homology.Consequently,it is recommended that COⅠand 16S rRNA genes be used together as a DNA barcode for fish maw species identification,resulting in 100%identification accuracy.

关 键 词：鱼胶 DNA条形码 COⅠ基因 16S rRNA基因 物种鉴别 系统进化分析 

分 类 号：TS254.9[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]