国家教育权与受教育权关系的历史嬗变及其平衡调适  

Historical Evolution of the Relationship Between the State’s Power toEducation, the Right to Education and Its Balanced Adjustment

作　　者：湛中乐[1] 梁芷澄 ZHAN Zhong-le;LIANG Zhi-cheng(Law School,Peking University,Beijing 100871)

机构地区：[1]北京大学法学院,北京100871

出　　处：《陕西师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2023年第5期100-110,共11页Journal of Shaanxi Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“中国教育法学总论体系构建研究”(20BFX050)。

摘　　要：国家教育权与受教育权的关系是教育法学的基础。我国《宪法》第46条规定公民有受教育的权利和义务,其背后蕴涵着国家教育权与受教育权的法律关系。该规定统摄教育法律体系,挖掘其生成背景和制度意涵,有助于观察权力与权利的互动关系,规范国家教育权的行使。我国现行宪法诞生之初,贯彻以劳动为中心的教育观,它将公民接受教育同时视为权利和义务。其中,受教育义务包括义务教育、就业前教育和针对劳动者的教育。这给国家教育权的扩张提供了规范基础。1985年教育目标演变为培养人才,受教育义务发生规范收缩,国家教育权的行使逐步规范化。在此基础上可搭建权力与权利平衡调适的基本框架:国家教育权干预受教育权,需要满足受教育权的范围及强度、法律保留和实质理由的规范要求,以此保证教育法规范体系的内部平衡。The relationship between the State’s power to education and the right to education is the basis of education jurisprudence.Article 46 of the Constitution of China stipulates that citizens have the right and duty to receive education,behind which lies the legal relationship between the State’s power to education and the right to receive education.This provision is the overarching provision of the education law system,and its background and institutional meaning can help to observe the interaction between power and right,and regulate the exercise of the State’s power to education.When the 1982 Constitution of China was first created,it implemented a labour-centred view of education,which regarded citizens’access to education as both a right and a duty.Among other things,the obligation to receive education includes compulsory education,pre-employment education and education for workers.This provided a normative basis for the expansion of the State’s power to education.1985 saw the evolution of the goal of education into the cultivation of talents,the normative contraction of the obligation to receive education,and the State’s power to education became normalized.On this basis,it is possible to build a basic framework for the balance of power and rights:the State’s power to education interferes with the right to education,and it needs to fulfil the normative requirements of the scope and intensity of the right to education,legal reservations and substantive justification in order to ensure the internal balance of the normative system of education law.

关 键 词：宪法 教育法 国家教育权 受教育权 受教育义务 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]