中国从发达国家和“一带一路”沿线国家进口食品的食品安全比较研究  

Comparative Study on Food Safety of China's Imported from Developed Countries and Countries along the Belt and Road

作　　者：李丹[1] 臧明伍[1] 孙学安[2] 李笑曼[1] 张凯华[1] 张哲奇 LI Dan;ZANG Mingwu;SUN Xuean;LI Xiaoman;ZHANG Kaihua;ZHANG Zheqi(China Meat Research Center,Beijing Academy of Food Sciences,Beijing 100068,China;China National Children's Center,Beijing 100082,China)

机构地区：[1]中国肉类食品综合研究中心,北京食品科学研究院,北京100068 [2]中国儿童中心,北京100082

出　　处：《食品工业科技》2023年第24期229-239,共11页Science and Technology of Food Industry

基　　金：北京市科技计划(Z221100007122010);中国工程院重大咨询项目(2019-ZD-4)。

摘　　要：发达国家和地区过去一直是中国进口食品的主要来源。然而,随着中国对食品进口来源多元化的高度重视,“一带一路”沿线国家的重要性不断提升。对于进口食品来源多元化给中国食品安全带来的新变化和新挑战,目前研究较少。本文比较了2013年到2021年来自发达国家和地区与“一带一路”沿线国家的进口食品数量和种类,以及未准入境食品的被拒原因。结果显示,2013年到2021年,来自发达国家和地区的进口食品占比从45.20%下降到43.31%,而来自“一带一路”沿线国家的比例从17.89%上升到22.38%。通过比较两者进口食品的被拒情况,发现“一带一路”沿线国家在微生物、动植物疫病方面的防控水平要弱于发达国家和地区,但是,发达国家和地区在提供高档食品方面仍有优势,未来可能继续在中国进口食品贸易中占据比较重要的地位。本研究的结果可以为中国应对进口食品多样化带来的挑战提供参考。Developed countries and regions had been the main source of imported food for China in the past.However,as China attached great importance to the diversification of food import sources,the importance of countries along the'Belt and Road'(B&R)was growing.There was less research on the new changes and challenges the diversified sources of imported foods would bring to China's food safety.This paper compared the quantity and types of imported foods from developed countries and regions and countries along the B&R from 2013 to 2021,as well as the reasons for rejected imported foods.The results showed that from 2013 to 2021,the proportion of imported foods from developed countries and regions decreased from 45.20% to 43.31%,while that from countries along the B&R increased from 17.89% to 22.38%.By comparing the rejections of imported foods from the two sources from 2013 to 2021,it was found that the prevention and control level of microbial,animal and plant diseases in countries along the B&R was weaker than that of developed countries and regions.However,developed countries and regions still had advantages in providing high-grade food,and might continue to play an important role in China's imported food trade in the future.The results of this study can provide reference for China to address the challenges brought by the diversification of imported food.

关 键 词：进口食品 "一带一路" 发达国家 食品安全 

分 类 号：TS201.6[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]