立德与非命:墨子劳动教育思想及其当代借鉴  

Morality and Anti fatalism:Mozi’s Thought on Labor Education and Its Contemporary Reference

作　　者：张晓立 ZHANG Xiaoli(Faculty of Education,Shandong Normal University,Jinan 250014,China)

机构地区：[1]山东师范大学教育学部,山东济南250014

出　　处：《湖州师范学院学报》2023年第11期37-44,共8页Journal of Huzhou University

基　　金：山东省社会科学规划马克思主义大众化研究专项课题“理论宣讲与高校思政课建设协同推进研究——以山东部分高校为例”(20CMYJ11)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：在我国古代思想发展的黄金时代,先秦思想家发展出丰富的教育思想,其中最重视劳动教育的思想家是墨子。墨子从其平民阶层的立场出发,强调劳动是保障社会稳定运行的基础。在实现兼爱社会的教育设计中,墨子总结上古三代的历史经验,认为艰苦的劳动磨炼有利于培养贤明的治国者。墨子所设想的君子人格,如守信、力行等道德品质都依赖劳动教育进行培养。在具体的教育活动中,墨子将劳动中所蕴含的科技原理及价值观介绍给学生,强调治国者必须遵守固定的法度规矩,以人民的利益为导向不得横征暴敛,还要尊重各类人才。墨子还从生产劳动的必要性出发提倡科学精神,反对当时流行的命定论,目的是培养墨家弟子积极进取努力奋斗的劳动品质。墨子劳动教育思想中所蕴含的德性培育路径以及劳动精神培养指向,对当代劳动教育的理论思考有一定借鉴意义。In the axial period of the development of ancient Chinese thoughts,the pre Qin thinkers put forward rich educational thoughts.Among them,Mozi valued labor education most.From the point view of lower artisan class,Mozi stressed that labor was the basis of safeguarding the stable running of a society.In his educational design aiming at a society of universal love,and based on his summary of the historical experience of the Xia,Shang and Zhou dynasties,he argued that the hard working environment was conducive to the cultivation of wise rulers.The personality of a gentleman envisaged by Mozi,such as honesty and hard work,depends on labor education.In the specific educational activities,Mozi taught his students the scientific and technological principles and values contained in labor;he emphasized that the rulers of a country must abide by the laws,follow the guidance of people’s interests and respect talent of various kinds.In terms of the necessity of productive labor,opposing the popular fatalism at that time,he advocated the spirit of science,with the aim of cultivating the labor quality of his followers to be enterprising and hard working.The approach to moral education and the cultivation of labor spirit in Mozi’s thoughts on labor education have a positive reference to the current theoretical thinking of contemporary labor education.

关 键 词：劳动教育 墨子 德性 命定论 当代借鉴 

分 类 号：G40[文化科学—教育学原理]