Astrocytes in human central nervous system diseases: a frontier for new therapies  

作　　者：Alexei Verkhratsky Arthur Butt Baoman Li Peter Illes Robert Zorec Alexey Semyanov Yong Tang Michael V.Sofroniew 

机构地区：[1]International Joint Research Centre on Purinergic Signalling/School of Health and Rehabilitation,Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Chengdu,China [2]Department of Forensic Analytical Toxicology,School of Forensic Medicine,China Medical University,Shenyang,China [3]Faculty of Biology,Medicine and Health,The University of Manchester,Manchester,UK [4]Achucarro Centre for Neuroscience,IKERBASQUE,Basque Foundation for Science,Bilbao,Spain [5]Department of Stem Cell Biology,State Research Institute Centre for Innovative Medicine,LT-01102,Vilnius,Lithuania [6]Institute of Biomedical and Biomolecular Sciences,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences,University of Portsmouth,Portsmouth,UK [7]Rudolf Boehm Institute for Pharmacology and Toxicology,University of Leipzig,04109,Leipzig,Germany [8]Celica Biomedical,Lab Cell Engineering,Technology Park,1000,Ljubljana,Slovenia [9]Laboratory of Neuroendocrinology—Molecular Cell Physiology,Institute of Pathophysiology,University of Ljubljana,Faculty of Medicine,Ljubljana,Slovenia [10]Department of Physiology,Jiaxing University College of Medicine,314033,Jiaxing,China [11]Key Laboratory of Acupuncture for Senile Disease(Chengdu University of TCM),Ministry of Education/Acupuncture and Chronobiology Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province,Chengdu,China [12]Department of Neurobiology,David Geffen School of Medicine,University of California,Los Angeles,CA,USA

出　　处：《Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy》2023年第11期5233-5269,共37页信号转导与靶向治疗（英文）

基　　金：grants from NSFC-RSF(82261138557);the Innovation Team and Talents Cultivation Program of the National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(ZYYCXTD-D-202003);the Sichuan Science and Technology Program(2022YFH0006);Y.T.was supported by NSFC(82274668,82230127);Sichuan Provincial Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine(2023zd024).Work in the M.V.S.laboratory is supported by National Institutes of Health(NS084030);by the Dr.Miriam and Sheldon G.Adelson Medical Foundation.

摘　　要：Astroglia are a broad class of neural parenchymal cells primarily dedicated to homoeostasis and defence of the central nervous system(CNS).Astroglia contribute to the pathophysiology of all neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders in ways that can be either beneficial or detrimental to disorder outcome.Pathophysiological changes in astroglia can be primary or secondary and can result in gain or loss of functions.Astroglia respond to external,non-cell autonomous signals associated with any form of CNS pathology by undergoing complex and variable changes in their structure,molecular expression,and function.In addition,internally driven,cell autonomous changes of astroglial innate properties can lead to CNS pathologies.Astroglial pathophysiology is complex,with different pathophysiological cell states and cell phenotypes that are context-specific and vary with disorder,disorder-stage,comorbidities,age,and sex.Here,we classify astroglial pathophysiology into(i)reactive astrogliosis,(ii)astroglial atrophy with loss of function,(iii)astroglial degeneration and death,and(iv)astrocytopathies characterised by aberrant forms that drive disease.We review astroglial pathophysiology across the spectrum of human CNS diseases and disorders,including neurotrauma,stroke,neuroinfection,autoimmune attack and epilepsy,as well as neurodevelopmental,neurodegenerative,metabolic and neuropsychiatric disorders.Characterising cellular and molecular mechanisms of astroglial pathophysiology represents a new frontier to identify novel therapeutic strategies.

关 键 词：DISEASES EPILEPSY DEGENERATION 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]