基于诱导效应的高中有机化学教学策略研究——溴乙烷的取代与消去反应  

Teaching Strategy of Organic Chemistry in Senior High School Based on Inductive Effect:Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Bromoethane

作　　者：吴中鹏 张文华[1] 龚涛 WU Zhong-Peng;ZHANG Wen-Hua;GONG Tao(Artificial Intelligence Education Department of Central China Normal University,Wuhan 430079,China;Shiyan No.1Middle School.Shiyan 442099,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学人工智能教育学部,湖北武汉430079 [2]十堰市第一中学,湖北十堰442099

出　　处：《化学教育（中英文）》2024年第1期58-66,共9页Chinese Journal of Chemical Education

摘　　要：目前高中有机化学教学面临官能团种类繁多、侧重机械记忆、以官能团为标准拆分成众多孤立类别没有建构原理分析模型和反应规律体系等问题,通过分析新课标,以溴乙烷的取代、消去反应为例,引导学生定量分析电负性数据、定性推理诱导效应、推测反应活性位点、预测反应历程和机理。由此建立基于诱导效应的原理要素分析有机化学反应的认识视角,建构有机化学的分析体系和模型,掌握有机反应的本质及规律。培养学生由宏观、静态识记反应到微观、动态分析原理的能力,发展核心素养,树立正负、阴阳、普遍性特殊性等对立统一思想。At present,organic chemistry teaching in senior high school is faced with a wide range of functional groups,focusing on mechanical memory,splitting functional groups into many isolated categories without constructing theoretical analysis models and reaction law sys-tems.Through the analysis of the new curriculum standard,taking bromoethane substitution and elimination reactions as examples,students are guided to quantitatively analyze electronega-tivity data,qualitatively infer inductive effect,speculate on reaction active site,and predict reac-tion process and mechanism.Therefore,an understanding perspective of organic chemical reac-tion analysis based on the principle elements of inductive effect is established,and the analysis system and model of organic chemistry are constructed to grasp the essence and law of organic re-action.Cultivate students'ability to understand and reflect from macro and static perspectives to micro and dynamic analysis of principles,develop core competencies,and establish a unity of op-posites such as positive and negative,yin and yang,and universality and particularity.

关 键 词：诱导效应 有机化学 模型建构 电负性 对立统一思想 教学建议 

分 类 号：G633.8[文化科学—教育学]