枳椇果梗与枳椇子体内外降血糖活性及其物质基础研究  

Studies on the Hypoglycemic Activity and Substance Basis of Hovenia acerba Lindl Pulp and Seed in Vitro and in Vivo

作　　者：孔阳[1] 闫辉 王昌钊 施春阳[1] 田斌[1] Kong Yang;Yan Hui;Wang Changzhao;Shi Chunyang;Tian Bin(School of Food Science and Engineering,Shaanxi University of Science&Technology,Xi'an 710021;Xi'an Customs Technology Center,Xi'an 710068)

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学食品科学与工程学院,西安710021 [2]西安海关技术中心,西安710068

出　　处：《中国食品学报》2023年第12期87-96,共10页Journal of Chinese Institute Of Food Science and Technology

基　　金：陕西省技术创新引导专项(2020QFY11-04)。

摘　　要：枳椇是食药同源的传统食品或药品,具有降糖降压、醒酒护肝等功效。然而,枳椇果梗和种子的混用给其应用和检验带来诸多不便。为确定枳椇降血糖的确切活性部位,对果梗与种子的水和95%乙醇提取物在体外抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的活性,以及在体内对链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的Ⅱ型糖尿病模型小鼠降血糖活性及其物质基础进行研究。结果表明:枳椇子醇提物(SEE)是种子抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶的主要活性物质,属于竞争型抑制剂,IC_(50)为0.97 mg/mL;枳椇果梗水提物(PWE)是果梗的主要活性物质,属于混合型抑制剂,IC_(50)为2.28 mg/mL。SEE和枳椇子水提取物(SWE)抑制α-葡萄糖苷酶活性均大于PWE和枳椇果梗醇提物(PEE)。动物实验表明:4种提取物都能不同程度地降低小鼠血糖,提高其糖耐量和体质量,而SEE降血糖效果最显著(P<0.01)。整体来看,降血糖活性顺序是SEE>SWE>PWE>PEE,枳椇子是枳椇降血糖的主要活性部位,其降血糖功效强于果梗。利用硅胶、C_(18)中压液相色谱、Sephadex LH-20柱色谱对枳椇子醇提物进行分离纯化,得到5个化合物。采用ESI-MS、~1HNMR、^(13)CNMR、HSQC和HMBC等方法确定化合物1~5分别是:槲皮素、二氢槲皮素、杨梅素、二氢杨梅素和槲皮素-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷。本研究结果为解决枳椇果梗和种子的混用问题提供了理论依据,为进一步开发利用枳椇资源提供了新途径。Hovenia acerba Lindl is a traditional food or medicine homologous to food and medicine,which has the effects of lowering blood sugar and pressure,relieving alcohol and protecting liver.However,the mixed use of Hovenia acerba Lind pulp and seed brings a lot of inconvenience to its application and inspection.In order to determine the active site of Hovenia acerba Lind,the effects of water and 95%ethanol extract from pulp and seed onα-glucosidase activity in vitro and Streptozocin(STZ)-induced hypoglycemic activity and its substance basis in type II diabetes model mice were studied.The results showed that seed ethanol extract(SEE)was the main active substance for inhibitingα-glucoside,and the IC50 of SEE was 0.97 mg/mL,which was a competitive inhibitor.The water extract of pulp(PWE)was the main active substance,and the IC50 of PWE was 2.28 mg/mL,which was a mixed inhibitor.The inhibition activity ofα-glucosidase in SEE and seed water extract(SWE)was higher than PWE and pulp ethanol extract(PEE).Animal experiments showed that the four extracts could reduce the blood glucose and improve the glucose tolerance and body weight of the mice to varying degrees,but the SEE had the most significant effect(P<0.01).Overall,the order of hypoglycemic activity was SEE>SWE>PWE>PEE,seed is the main active part of Hovenia acerba Lind in lowering blood glucose,and its hypoglycemic effect is stronger than that of pulp.Five compounds were isolated and purified from the SEE by silica gel,C18 medium pressure liquid chromatography and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography.Compounds 1-5 were identified as quercetin,dihydroquercetin,myricetin,dihydromyricetin,and quercetin-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside by ESI-MS,1HNMR,13CNMR,HSQC and HMBC.This study provided a theoretical basis for solving the problem of Hovenia acerba Lind pulp and seed mixing,and provided a new way for further development and utilization the resources.

关 键 词：枳椇 Α-葡萄糖苷酶 链脲佐菌素 降血糖活性 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]