青藏高原主产地蕨麻营养成分分析与综合评价  

Analysis of nutritional compositions and comprehensive evaluation in Potentilla anserina L.from main origins of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau

作　　者：谭亮[1] 李军乔 杨伟 TAN Liang;LI Jun-Qiao;YANG Wei(Northwest Institute of Plateau Biology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Xining 810001,China;College of Ecological Environment and Resources/Qinghai Provincial Key Laboratory of High-value Utilization of Characteristic Economic Plants/Qinghai Provincial Laboratory of Innovation and Utilization of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau Germplasm Resources,Qinghai Nationalities University,Xining 810007,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001 [2]青海民族大学生态环境与资源学院/青海省特色经济植物高值化利用重点实验室/青海省青藏高原种质资源创新与利用实验室,西宁810007

出　　处：《食品安全质量检测学报》2023年第24期60-71,共12页Journal of Food Safety and Quality

基　　金：青海省2022年重点研发与转化计划项目(2022-NK-120)。

摘　　要：目的测定青藏高原4个主产地蕨麻的营养成分,并对其品质进行综合评价。方法采用SPSS 19.0分别对青藏高原4个主产地蕨麻的营养成分进行方差多重比较分析、主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)和聚类分析(hierarchical cluster analysis,HCA),并对蕨麻品质进行综合评价。结果4个不同主产地蕨麻中部分产地蕨麻的各营养成分之间差异显著(P<0.05),普遍具有高膳食纤维(平均含量>6 g/100 g)、低脂肪和低饱和脂肪(平均含量分别<3 g/100 g和<1.5 g/100 g)、极低钠(平均含量<40 mg/100 g)、氨基酸组成接近联合国粮食及农业组织和世界卫生组织(Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization,FAO/WHO)的理想模式、脂肪酸种类丰富(含10种主要脂肪酸)、富含多种矿物质元素[平均Fe、Mg、K含量≥30%营养素参考值(nutrient reference values,NRV)]等特点。其中青海蕨麻为高蛋白食品(平均含量>20%NRV),四川和西藏蕨麻含有多种维生素(平均维生素B_(1)、维生素B_(2)、叶酸含量≥15%NRV)。PCA综合评价结果表明青海蕨麻排名第一,HCA将4个不同主产地蕨麻分为3类,第Ⅰ类蕨麻综合品质相对更好。结论蕨麻具有良好的营养价值和开发前景,青海蕨麻营养品质最佳,可为其质量控制提供依据。Objective To determine the nutritional components of Potentilla anserina L.from 4 main producing areas in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and evaluate its quality comprehensively.Methods SPSS 19.0 was used to conduct multiple comparative analyses of variance,principal component analysis(PCA),and hierarchical cluster analysis(HCA)of nutrients of Potentilla anserina L.from 4 main origins of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and the quality of Potentilla anserina L.were evaluated comprehensively.Results The results showed differences in various nutrients among samples from some of4 main origins of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau(P<0.05).They had the typical characteristics of high dietary fiber(average content>6 g/100 g),low fat and low saturated fats(average content<3 g/100 g and<1.5 g/100 g,respectively),very low sodium(average content<40 mg/100 g),composition of amino acid was close to the ideal model of Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations/World Health Organization(FAO/WHO),rich in fatty acids(it contained 10 major fatty acids),and rich in various mineral elements[average content of iron,magnesium,and potassium≥30% nutrient reference values(NRV)].Potentilla anserina L.from Qinghai was a high protein food(average content>20%NRV),and samples from Sichuan and Tibet were rich in various vitamins(average content of vitamin B_(1),vitamin B_(2),and folic acid≥15%NRV).Comprehensive evaluation based on PCA showed that the total ranking top one of Potentilla anserina L.was from Qinghai.HCA had divided samples from 4 different main origins into 3 categories,and comprehensive quality performances of classⅠwas relatively better.Conclusion Potentilla anserina L.has favourable nutritional value and practical applications,and samples from Qinghai has the best nutrition quality,which provides a basis for quality control.

关 键 词：蕨麻 青海高原主产地 营养成分 方差多重比较分析 主成分分析 聚类分析 品质综合评价 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]