初中物理实验题的类型分析、演变特征及优化策略  

Type Analysis. Evolution Characteristics and Optimization Strategy ofMiddle School Physics Experimental Question

作　　者：董慧[1] 张立昌[1] 张抗抗 Dong Hui;Zhang Lichang;Zhang Kangkang

机构地区：[1]陕西师范大学教育学部,西安710062 [2]河南大学物理与电子学院,开封475004

出　　处：《课程．教材．教法》2024年第1期127-134,共8页Curriculum，Teaching Material and Method

基　　金：河南省哲学社会科学规划青年课题“指向课堂质量提升的中学理科教材教学转化研究”(2023CJY052)。

摘　　要：物理实验与学生科学探究能力的发展密切相关。物理实验题在评价与培养学生的科学素养方面具有特定价值。基于对物理实验题内涵的解析和对1993—2022年全国多省市初中物理实验题的质性分析与量化研究,发现初中物理实验题主要包括解答、操作和探究三种类型。近30年来,物理实验题的考查重心经历了从操作技能到探究能力再到创新能力的演化,其受关注程度和分值占比越来越高。未来,物理实验题的编制应遵循新课程理念,在考查内容、问题与情境设计、呈现形式等方面加以优化创新。Physics experiment has close connection with the enhancement of students'scientific research capability.Physics experimental question plays a specific role in cultivating and evaluating students’science competency.Based on analysis and elaboration of the connotation of physics experimental question,this article carries out qualitative and quantitative research on middle school physics ex perimental question(1993-2022)nationally,finding that answer,operation and exploration are the dominant types,and as it is receiving more attention and accounting for a larger proportion,its focus has shifted from operational skill to exploration ability and to innovation.In the future,the formulation of the question should follow the ideology of new curriculum standards and be optimized in content,question and situation design,and demonstration met hod.

关 键 词：物理实验 初中物理 实验题 

分 类 号：G632.479[文化科学—教育学]