西兰花采后霉变控制技术研究  

Study on Control Techniques of Postharvest Mildew of Broccoli

作　　者：梁辉 赵安娜 涂贻轩 严守雷[2] LIANG Hui;ZHAO Anna;TU Yixuan;YAN Shoulei(Guangdong Nova Evaluation and Testing Co.,LTD,Foshan 528000,China;College of Food Science and Technology,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,China)

机构地区：[1]广东诺瓦安评检测有限公司,广东佛山528000 [2]华中农业大学食品科学技术学院,湖北武汉430070

出　　处：《中国果菜》2024年第2期3-6,34,共5页China Fruit & Vegetable

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划项目(2015BAD16B07-3)。

摘　　要：西兰花花球采后贮运过程中易出现真菌霉变现象,严重影响其商品品质。为降低贮运过程中西兰花真菌霉变发生情况,本研究采用不同温度、乙醇浓度、壳聚糖涂膜浓度等对西兰花进行处理。单因素试验结果表明,45℃热激处理效果最佳,3 d病斑面积为6%;最适的乙醇处理浓度为30%,处理3 d后病斑面积仅为3.4%;壳聚糖涂膜浓度1.5%和2%均有很好的抑菌效果,3 d后病斑面积分别为7.3%和4.5%,且无显著差异,综合考虑采用1.5%的壳聚糖浓度处理最为适宜。45℃热激+1.5%壳聚糖和30%乙醇+45℃热激处理西兰花的霉变病害控制效果表明,两个组合处理均能有效控制病害发生;30%乙醇+45℃热激处理组,能降低乙醇残留,更加绿色安全,且保绿抗霉变效果更好。In order to reduce the incidence of fungal mildew in storage and transportation of broccoli flower balls,which seriously affects the quality of its products.In this paper,broccoli was treated with different temperatures,different concentrations of ethanol,concentrations of chitosan coating,and several other control techniques.The results showed that the heat shock treatment at 45 ℃ had the best control effect,the area of lesions on 3 d was 6%.The optimum ethanol treatment concentration was 30%,the area of lesions was only 3.4% after treatment for 3 d.The chitosan coating concentration with 1.5% and 2% had good antibacterial effect,which was 7.3% and 4.5%,respectively,and there was no significant difference.1.5% chitosan was the best choice for fresh keeping of broccoli.The disease control effect of 45 ℃ heat shock + 1.5% chitosan combination and 30% ethanol + 45 ℃ heat shock treatment on broccoli showed that the two combination treatment could effectively control the occurrence of disease.The 30% ethanol + 45 ℃ heat shock treatment group could reduce ethanol residue,made it greener and safer,and had better green retention and anti mold effects.

关 键 词：西兰花 采后霉变控制 热激处理 乙醇处理 壳聚糖涂膜 

分 类 号：S635.9[农业科学—蔬菜学]