结构脂质的酶法合成及应用酶工程提高其合成效果的研究进展  

Research progress in enzymatic synthesis of structured lipids and improvement of the synthetic effect by enzyme engineering

作　　者：赵泽鑫 周灵 韩美玲 许源 蔡俊 ZHAO Zexin;ZHOU Ling;HAN Meiling;XU Yuan;CAI Jun(School of Bioengineering and Food science/Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering/Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation/Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Mincrobiology,Hubei University of Technology,Wuhan 430068,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北工业大学生物工程与食品学院/发酵工程教育部重点实验室/工业发酵湖北省协同创新中心/工业微生物湖北省重点实验室,湖北武汉430068

出　　处：《轻工学报》2024年第1期1-11,共11页Journal of Light Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(32302019);湖北省教育厅科技攻关计划青年人才项目(Q20266407)。

摘　　要：基于利用脂肪酶对天然油脂进行改性生成结构脂质(Structured Lipids,SLs)可赋予油脂额外的健康属性,有效提高产品附加值,对近期报道的各类SLs酶法合成及通过酶工程技术(结构设计和固定化)提升合成效果的研究进行综述,认为,使用sn-1,3位置专一性脂肪酶可精准合成SLs,利用分段变温反应、超临界流体反应、真空反应、超声波辅助等途径可有效抑制酰基转移,从而提高产物得率;脂肪酶的结构设计可提高其催化效率、稳定性和底物专一性,使SLs的合成效率和得率有所提升;固定化脂肪酶技术也能提高脂肪酶的反应活性和稳定性,增强其重复利用性,降低SLs酶法合成的成本。未来应针对不同SLs的结构特点,通过结构设计获得高活性、高稳定性和专一性的酶分子,结合新型固定化技术创制高性能酶制剂,以期为高效、精准的SLs酶法合成工艺的创新发展提供参考。The utilization of lipase in to produce synthesis structured lipids(SLs)modifying from natural oils confers additional health properties and effectively enhances their value-added potential.This paper provided a comprehensive review of recent studies on the enzymatic preparation of SLs,discussing summarizing the advancements in structural design and immobi lized enzyme engineering technology to improve the efficiency of their synthesis by enzymatic approaches.The sn-1,3 regiospecific lipase enabled the precise synthesis of SLs,while employing stepwise variable temperature reactions,supercritical fluid reactions systems,vacuum reactions environments,and ultrasonic-assisted methods could inhibit the acyl migration effects and further enhance product yield.Furthermore,structural modifications design could enhance the catalytic efficiency,stability,and substrate specificity of lipases to optimize elevate the efficiency and yield in enzymatic synthesis of SLs.Immobilized enzyme technology could enhance enzyme reactivity and stability while reducing the costs of enzymatic synthesis of SLs.In the future,the high-performance enzymes preparations should be developed by combining structural modification of enzymes and novel immobilization technology based on the diverse structural characteristics of SLs basis of the clearer understanding of their structure-function relationship characteristics.These insights would contribute to wards innovation and advancement in efficient and precise enzymatic synthesis processes for SLs.

关 键 词：结构脂质 脂肪酶 酶法合成 酶工程 结构设计 固定化 

分 类 号：TS221[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程]