教师的四种角色与五重教育境界——兼论智慧教育时代教育学的挑战与重塑  

Four Roles of Teachers and Five Realms of Education:Challenges and Reshaping of Pedagogy in an Era of Intelligent Education

作　　者：李树英 冯思圆 LI Shuying;FENG Siyuan

机构地区：[1]深圳大学教育学部,广东深圳518060

出　　处：《现代远程教育研究》2024年第2期28-35,共8页Modern Distance Education Research

基　　金：深圳市教育科学2023年度规划课题重大政策研究专项课题“拔尖创新人才培养的深圳模式研究”(zdzc23001)。

摘　　要：数字化、智慧化教育技术的广泛应用开启了全新的智慧教育时代,变革中的教育模式与场景为教师发展以及教育学建设带来了新的机遇与挑战。从教育与技术演进互动的视角出发,教师角色在不同时期经历了由“讲坛上的圣者”到“学生身旁的指引者”再到“翅膀上的幽灵”的转变,并在生成式人工智能技术广泛应用的未来存在“人工智能的竞争者”“人工智能的副驾驶”“机器中的灵魂”等多种可能趋势。教师所能达成的教育境界也从“言传身教”“教书”到“教会学习”“赋能学习”乃至“教育即生活”不断发展。在数字化转型进程中,教师需要积极应对技术环境对固有教育模式所带来的挑战,如利用新技术拓展教育的受众、构建动态知识体系、与学生共同探索与学习、实现精准化的教育赋能等,实现教育境界的数字化重塑。而教师角色与教育境界的变化也意味着教育学迎来了重塑与发展的契机。教育学在智慧教育时代应回归“教育即生活”理念,探索创新教育人才培养模式,培养适应智慧教育场景的教师。教师是危机中的领导者,也是未来的重塑者,如何帮助教师在智慧教育时代发挥重要作用,发挥教育者无法被人工智能替代的教育智慧,将是教育学发展与重塑的重要主题。The widespread application of digital and intelligent technologies in education has opened a new era of intelligent education.Innovative education modes and scenarios have brought new opportunities and challenges for teacher development and education reform.From the perspective of the interaction between education and technological evolution,the role of teachers has experienced changes from a“sage on the stage”,a“guide on the side”,to the“ghost on the wings”in different historical eras,and in the future when generative AI is widely applied,teachers might take many possible roles such as the“competitor to artificial intelligence”,the“copilot of artificial intelligence and the soul of machines.In addition,education may also take different realms from“teaching by words and practice”,“teaching by textbooks”,“teaching to learn to learn”,“teaching to empower”,and to“education as joyous life”.These education realms may be reshaped under the influence of artificial intelligence in education,as teachers could use digital technologies to expand the audience of education,build an adaptative and dynamic knowledge system,explore and learn with students,and achieve precise instruction and empowerment.The changes of teachers’roles and realms of education ushered in an opportunity for the reshaping and development of education.It helps return to the long-promoted concept of“education as life”in the era of intelligent education,explore innovative models to cultivate talents for teaching,and prepare teachers for a smarter future.Teachers are leaders in crisis and can become re-shapers of the future.How to better support teachers in the era of artificial intelligence and make full use of teachers’thoughtfulness and wisdom become a very important theme.

关 键 词：教师角色 教育境界 教师发展 智慧教育 生成式人工智能 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]