阳明心学中的道德知识与道德动机——从“良知发用”的角度看  

Moral Knowledge and Moral Motivation in Wang Yangming s Psychology of the Mind--From the Perspective of the Function of Consciece

作　　者：任远[1] 焦雯雯 REN Yuan;JIAO Wenwen

机构地区：[1]中山大学哲学系

出　　处：《暨南学报(哲学社会科学版)》2024年第2期52-66,共15页Jinan Journal(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金一般项目“逻辑的规范性与形式性研究”(21BZX103)。

摘　　要：基于比较哲学视野的分析,王阳明的知行合一论题的解释在传统中包含着三种不同路径的理解,即形而上学论题、知识论论题和元伦理学论题。致良知学说体现了知行合一的三种路径理解的统一,其中道德知识和道德动机的关系是把握知行合一与致良知学说的关键。本文把心学工夫论理解为道德意识的自我展开和实现,通过论证良知发用的功能,阐明阳明心学中包含着近似于内在主义道德动机的混合模型,并由此产生奠基于道德感知和道德情感交互性的美德伦理论述。This paper analyses Wang Yangming s earlier claim of the unity of knowledge and action and his later doctrine of conscience from the perspective of comparative philosophy,pointing out that Wang Yangming s central point is how moral knowledge gives rise to moral motivation.It then explains the mechanism of conscience and proposes a model of moral motivation in Wang Yangming s psychology of mind in the light of contemporary discussions of moral psychology.This paper combs through the modern interpretations of Wang Yangming s thesis of the unity of knowledge and action by various scholars such as Qian Mu,Feng Youlan,Chen Lai and Huang Yong,and finds that it contains three different paths of understanding,namely,the metaphysical thesis,the epistemological thesis,and the metaethical thesis.This paper suggests that the divergence lies in how the practical element of moral knowledge is understood,and that such an account can only be pertinent if it is developed within the framework of gongfutheory or virtue ethics towards the sages.At the same time,this paper clarifies the different levels of meaning of the concept of conscience based on analyses of Wang Yangming s texts in the context of contemporary interpretations,showing that conscience in Wang Yangming s texts is moral knowledge,moral capacity,and even moral ontology that is both universal and innate,immanent and transcendent.This paper argues that the doctrine of conscience embodies the integration of the three paths of understanding of the unity of knowledge and action,in which the relationship between moral knowledge and moral motivation,especially the explanation of“to intend is to act”,is the core of grasping the thesis of the unity of knowledge and action and the doctrine of conscience.The paper understands the relationship between moral knowledge and moral motivation in Wang Yangming s philosophy of mind by reference to the internalist-externalist,Humeanism-anti-Humeanism debates on moral motivation in contemporary Western metaethics,and examines the pos

关 键 词：阳明心学 知行合一 良知 道德知识 道德动机 

分 类 号：B244[哲学宗教—中国哲学]