先立其大,易简工夫,道不外索——论陆九渊的学习价值观  

Establishing Great Aspiration,Learning with Broad Vision,and Focusing on Internal Mind:On Lu Jiuyuan's View of Learning Value

作　　者：曾文婕[1] 石书奇 Zeng Wenjie;Shi Shuqi(School of Education of South China Normal University;Shenzhen Institute of Education Sciences)

机构地区：[1]华南师范大学教育科学学院 [2]广东省深圳市教育科学研究院

出　　处：《教育史研究》2024年第1期34-42,共9页Educational History Studies

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学规划项目“推动中小学育人方式改革的学习为本评估策略研究”(GD23XJY53)。

摘　　要：陆九渊的学习概念是广义的,涵盖求学、治学及借以成人等。通过对天人、义利和理欲关系的辨析,确立“人与宇宙相统一”“志乎义”和“从大体”的价值取向,进而对“学”的发端、动机和功能等进行规定。基于“先立其大”“易简工夫”和“道不外索”三项“学”的价值规范,提出学习应先立其大而不应立卑小志向和目标,应易简工夫而不应支离事业,应道不外索而不应向外求知真理,进一步明确应怎样学而不应怎样学的问题。以“成人”和“行道”的价值理想体现“学”的最高价值追求。陆九渊的学习价值观给我们的启示是学习的目的、内容和方法有主次本末之分,应以德为先;学习须先立志,应志存高远;学习应整体明悟,不能拘泥于细枝末节;学习应独立思考,不能迷信书本教条;学习应躬行实践,不能埋没于文义。Lu Jiuyuan's concept of learning is broad,covering the aspects of pursuing learning,doing academic research and learning to be human.Through discriminating the relationship between heaven and man,righteousness and profit,and principle and desire,the value orientation of“uniting universe and man”“setting purpose upon righteousness”and“following the majority”is established and the origin,motivation and function of learning are further stipulated.Based on the value norms of learning,which are“establishing great aspiration,learning with broad vision,and focusing on internal mind”,he proposed that learning should be based on great rather than short-sighted aspirations and objectives,focus on broad vision instead of fragmented and disconnected work,and focus on internal mind instead of outside world,which further clarifies the question about how to learn.The value ideals of“to be human”and“to carry out epiphany”reflect the highest value pursuit of“learning”.Lu's view of learning value tells us that the purpose,content and method of learning are divided into primary and secondary,and morality should be the first,learning should have high aim,learning should be comprehensive as a whole and we should not stick to details,learning should be independent thinking,not superstitious book dogma,and learning should be practiced,not buried in literal meaning.

关 键 词：陆九渊 学习价值观 先立其大 易简工夫 道不外索 

分 类 号：G529[文化科学—教育学]