培育积极向上的社会心态 助力特殊学生活出精彩人生——特殊学生积极心理品质研究新进展  

Cultivate Positive Social Mentality and Help with Special Needs Students Live Wonderful Lives:New Progress of Research on Positive Psychological Character of Students with Special Needs

作　　者：庄妍[1] ZHUANG Yan(Teachers College of Xuzhou University of Technology,Xuzhou,221018)

机构地区：[1]徐州工程学院师范学院,徐州221018

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2024年第2期3-10,共8页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：2023年江苏省教育科学规划课题“DFM双因素模型视域下中小学生心理健康测评与教育对策研究”(课题批准号:C/2023/01/53)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：习近平总书记强调,加强社会心理服务体系建设,培育自尊自信、理性平和、积极向上的社会心态。党的二十大报告提出,强化特殊教育普惠发展,重视心理健康和精神卫生。识别与干预特殊学生积极心理品质,有利于激发特殊学生的潜能,消解社会歧视与偏见,培育良好的社会心态。特殊学生与普通学生的积极心理品质存在差异。智力障碍、孤独症、学习障碍、注意缺陷多动障碍、感觉障碍等类型的特殊学生积极心理品质各具特点。特殊学生积极心理品质干预包含五个要素,主要依据“认识—探索—运用”模型,采用标志性优势、全方位优势评价等具体方法。积极心理品质干预在帮助特殊学生应对困境与挑战、提升健康与幸福感等方面发挥了显著作用。针对不同类型的特殊学生,干预措施各有侧重,效果也不同。未来研究应着力开发适宜特殊学生的积极心理品质测评工具,探究特殊学生积极心理品质的影响机制,构建特殊学生积极心理品质的支持系统。General Secretary Xi Jinping emphasizedd"cultivating self-esteem,self-confidence,rationality,calmness and positive social mentality".The report of the 2th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to strengthen the inclusive development of special education and attach importance to its mental health.Identifying and intervening in the positive psychological characters of students with special needs is beneficial for stimulating their potential,eliminating social discrimination and prejudices,and cultivating a good social mentality.There are differences in positive psychological characters between special students and ordinary students,and there are differences among dfferent types of groups with disabilities.Students with intellectual disabilities,autism,learning disabilities,attention deficit hyperactivity disorder,sensory impairments,and other types of disabilities each have their own positive psychological characters.The intervention of positive psychological characters for them includes five elements,mainly based on the AEA model,using specific methods such as Signature Strengths,Strengths assessment.Positive psychological characters intervention plays a significant role in helping them cope with difficulties and challenges,and improve their health and well-being.For different types of students with special needs,the interventions have different focuses and effects.Future research should focus on developing positive psychological quality assessment tools suitable for them,exploring the impact mechanism of positive psychological characters,and constructing a support system for positive psychological characters of them.

关 键 词：特殊学生 积极心理品质 测评 干预 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]