北京市某区2021年5—9月生鲜蔬菜中蜡样芽胞杆菌检出情况和耐药特征分析  

Contamination and drug resistance characteristics of Bacillus cereus isolated from raw vegetable from May to September 2021 in a district in Beijing

作　　者：全菲[1,2] 付诗琪 康颖 闫爱霞 王园园[1,2] 李首飞 朱玥 李颖[1,2] QUAN Fei;FU Shiqi;KANG Ying;YAN Aixia;WANG Yuanyuan;LI Shoufei;ZHU Yue;LI Ying(Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 101300,China;Workstation for Microbial Infectious Disease Shunyi District Center for Disease Control and Prevention,Beijing 101300,China;North China University of Science and Technology,Hebei Tangshan 063210,China)

机构地区：[1]北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心,北京101300 [2]北京市顺义区疾病预防控制中心微生物感染性疾病检测工作站,北京101300 [3]华北理工大学,河北唐山063210

出　　处：《中国食品卫生杂志》2024年第1期15-20,共6页Chinese Journal of Food Hygiene

摘　　要：目的对生鲜蔬菜中蜡样芽胞杆菌的分布和耐药特征进行分析。方法采集北京市顺义区2021年5—9月生鲜蔬菜样本120份,对样本进行蜡样芽胞杆菌平板计数检测、增菌培养及增菌液呕吐毒素基因(ces)、蜡样芽胞杆菌16S r DNA基因实时荧光PCR检测,对分离株进行14种抗生素敏感性检测。结果生鲜蔬菜中蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率为84.17%(101/120)。根茎类和叶菜类生鲜蔬菜蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=14.181,P_(校正)=0.000);超市、农贸市场和农户菜地3类采集地点蜡样芽胞杆菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.050,P=0.004),基于样本增菌液的ces检出率差异有统计学意义(P_(Fisher)=0.001)。12件ces+的生鲜蔬菜增菌液检测蜡样芽胞杆菌16S rDNA基因和ces基因Ct值均值分别为19.96和31.80,但均未能分离到ces+蜡样芽胞杆菌菌落。蜡样芽胞杆菌分离株对氨苄西林、青霉素、复方磺胺耐药率分别为100%、99.01%、61.39%;分布5种耐药谱,优势耐药谱为氨苄西林+青霉素+复方磺胺(59.41%);耐3类及3类以上抗生素多重耐药率为0.99%(1/101)。结论蜡样芽胞杆菌以及呕吐毒素基因在本地生鲜蔬菜中广泛分布,分离株依然处于较低的多重耐药水平。单份生鲜蔬菜样本中ces+菌株在污染的全部蜡样芽胞杆菌中“低丰度”构成。Objective To analyze the contamination and drug resistance characteristics of Bacillus cereus isolated from raw vegetable.Methods One hundred and twenty raw vegetable samples were collected in this study in Beijing City,Shuiyi District from May to September in 2021.Plate counting,bacterial culture,real-time PCR for the ces vomiting toxin gene and the 16S rDNA gene of B.cereus were performed.Drug resistance to 14 antibiotics in B.cereus strains were determined.Results The positive ratios of B.cereus in raw vegetable samples was 84.17%(101/120).Significant differences were observed in the positive ratio of B.cereus between rhizome and leaf vegetables(χ^(2)=14.181,P=0.000 correction),in the positive ratio of B.cereus(χ^(2)=11.050,P=0.004)in supermarkets,agricultural markets,and farmland,and also in the positive ratio of ces on enriched samples(P=0.001 Fisher).Average Ct values of 16S rDNA and ces by real-time PCR in 12 ces+enriched samples were 19.96 and 31.80,respectively;however,ces+B.cereus was not isolated.The drug resistance ratios of B.cereus isolates to AMP,PEN,and SXT were 100%,99.01%,and 61.39%,respectively.Five patterns of drug resistance distribution were observed and the dominant pattern was AMP+PEN+SXT(59.41%);the multidrug resistance ratio(resistant to three or more classes of antibiotics)was 0.99%(1/101).Conclusion B.cereus and the ces gene were widely distributed in local raw vegetable samples with a low level of multiple drug resistance in the isolates.ces+B.cereus was present in low proportions in the B.cereus flora in s single sample of raw vegetable.

关 键 词：蜡样芽胞杆菌 生鲜蔬菜 呕吐毒素 耐药性 食源性致病菌 顺义区 

分 类 号：R155[医药卫生—营养与食品卫生学]