凸显类型特色的“职教高考”制度构建的路径分析——以英国经验为例  

The Path Analysis of the System Construction of“College Entrance Examination in Vocational Education”Which Highlights the Type Characteristics:Take the British Experience as an Example

作　　者：倪小敏[1] 范璐璐 NI Xiaomin;FAN Lulu(College of Education,Wenzhou University,Wenzhou 325035)

机构地区：[1]温州大学教育学院,温州325035

出　　处：《教育发展研究》2024年第5期35-43,共9页Research in Educational Development

基　　金：2019年度国家社科基金(教育学)一般课题“对接科技发展和市场需求的英国职业教育变革研究”(BOA190039)的部分成果。

摘　　要：职业教育类型地位的确立为“职教高考”制度奠定了逻辑起点。职业教育作为“类型教育”的质的规定性对“职教高考”制度构建提出应然要求:职业教育服务于经济社会发展的功能要求基于“职业标准”测评学习成果,职业教育以技术知识为知识论基础要求考试内容与方式要理实结合,职业教育与普通教育地位同等要求普职考试成绩等值。然而,当前我国“职教高考”制度构建面临三大困境:一是职业标准和专业教学标准不衔接,二是升学导向下“职教高考”逐步与普通高考同质化,三是中职生升学渠道依然狭窄。分析英国具有“技术教育”特色的“职教高考”制度可以发现其制度构建包括以下三方面经验:一是以国家资格框架统一资格标准,二是凸显技术教育特色的考试内容与考核方式,三是与名校录取制度衔接的升学通道。基于我国职教改革取得的成就和英国经验,文章提出我国“职教高考”制度构建的路径:架构《国家资历框架》,从教学标准建设转向资格标准建设;基于“职业群”设计“职教高考”的专业类别和考试内容;采取在真实情境下考核职业能力的考核方式;建立普职成绩等值的“高校招生分数转换”制度。With our country's vocational education entering the high quality development stage,the system construction of "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" has become an urgent problem to be solved in our country's vocational education reform.The establishment of the type status of vocational education lays a logical starting point for the system of "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination".As the quality of "type education",vocational education puts forward the following requirements for the construction of "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" system:The function of vocational education serving economic and social development requires the assessment of learning results based on "vocational standards";Vocational education takes technical knowledge as the foundation of knowledge theory,which requires that the examination content and method should be combined with reality;The status of vocational education is equal to that of general education.However,the current construction of China's "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" system faces three difficulties:one is the lack of connection between professional standards and professional teaching standards;the other is the gradual homogenization of“Vocational Education College Entrance Examination”with the general college entrance examination under the guidance of college entrance examination;the third is that the channels for secondary vocational students to study are still narrow.By analyzing the "Vocational Education College Entrance Examination" system with “technical education”characteristics in the UK,it is found that its system construction includes the following three aspects:first,the national qualification framework unified qualification standards;second,the examination content and assessment method highlighting the characteristics of technical education;third,the entrance channel connecting with the admission system of famous universities,of which the national qualification framework is the basis of the exa

关 键 词：中职生 “职教高考” 国家资历框架 英国职业教育 

分 类 号：G719.561[文化科学—职业技术教育学]