关注学生个体差异:体育教学“因材施教”的困境、成因与疏解  

Focusing on Individual Differences of Students:Dilemma,Causes and Solutions of“Teaching in Accordance with Aptitude”of Physical Education Teaching

作　　者：谭乔尹 谢书青 邵伟德[3] TAN Qiaoyin;XIE Shuqing;SHAO Weide(College of Teacher Education,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321004,China;No.21 Junior High School of Mudan District,Heze,Shandong 274005,China;College of Physical Education and Health Sciences,Zhejiang Normal University,Jinhua,Zhejiang 321004,China)

机构地区：[1]浙江师范大学教育学院,浙江金华321004 [2]牡丹区第二十一初级中学,山东菏泽274005 [3]浙江师范大学体育学院,浙江金华321004

出　　处：《首都体育学院学报》2024年第2期171-179,共9页Journal of Capital University of Physical Education and Sports

基　　金：浙江省哲学社会科学重点课题(23NDJC010Z)。

摘　　要：关注学生个体差异是《义务教育阶段体育与健康课程标准(2022版)》提出的六大理念之一,也是中共二十大报告再次强调教育公平的基本要求。运用文献研究法、矛盾分析法以班级学生个体差异及其公平教育为切入点,对体育教学中因材施教所面临的困境、成因及其破解策略进行了探讨。研究认为,现实困境主要表现在:“以生为本”理念较为流行,但“以师为主”教学仍然存在;“以学定教”理念较为先进,但“以教定学”现象依然盛行;“差异教学”认同性较高,但教学“一刀切”较为普遍;差异评价理念较为客观,但“标准化”评价难以突破。其成因主要为师生主体间矛盾、教学主次间矛盾、学习内容多与少矛盾、教学班级大小矛盾、学习评价难易矛盾。破解策略为:重强化理念、谨防异化;走班教学、打通壁垒;分层学习、动态调整;层级评价、过程管理。Paying attention to individual differences among students is one of the six concepts proposed in the 2022 edition of Curriculum Standards for Physical Education and Health in Compulsory Education,and it is also a basic requirement emphasized again in the report of the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China for educational equity.Using literature research,contradiction analysis,and other methods,this paper explores the difficulties,causes,and solutions faced by personalized teaching in physical education teaching,taking individual differences among class students and their fair education as the starting point.Research suggests that the main dilemma in reality is that the concept of“student-centered”is relatively popular,but“teacher-centered”teaching still exists;the concept of“learning determines teaching”is relatively advanced,but the phenomenon of“teaching determines learning”is still prevalent;the recognition of“differentiated teaching”is high,but“one size fits all teaching”is more common;the concept of differential evaluation is relatively objective,but“standardized”evaluation is difficult to break through.The main causes are contradictions between teachers and students,between teaching priorities,between more and less learning content,in the size of teaching classes,and in the difficulty of learning evaluation.The cracking strategy is:to strengthen the concept and guard against alienation;classroom teaching and breaking down barriers;layered learning and dynamic adjustm-ent;hierarchical evaluation and process management.

关 键 词：体育教学 个体差异 因材施教 以学定教 矛盾论 

分 类 号：G807.03[文化科学—体育训练]