环境风对高速列车气动噪声特性的影响分析  

Analysis of the influence of ambient wind on aerodynamic noise characteristics of high-speed train

作　　者：张治乾 于培师 赵军华 赵凡[2] ZHANG Zhiqian;YU Peishi;ZHAO Junhua;ZHAO Fan(School of Mechanical Engineering,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;China Aerodynamics Research and Development Center,Mianyang 621000,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学机械工程学院,无锡214122 [2]中国空气动力研究与发展中心,绵阳621000

出　　处：《应用声学》2024年第3期533-541,共9页Journal of Applied Acoustics

摘　　要：气动噪声随着列车运行速度的提高急剧增加,是高速列车噪声的重要组成部分。本文使用缩比为1:20的三车编组模型,通过三维瞬态延迟分离涡模型求解高速列车的外流场,分析了环境风对流场结构与声源特性的影响;之后使用FW-H方程进行噪声传播计算,分析了不同速度的环境风对高速列车气动声学行为特性的影响。结果表明:高速列车主要的噪声源分布在转向架附近,在环境风的影响下,列车背风侧声源强度高于迎风侧,列车底部声源强度增幅较大。10 m/s以内的环境风会改变高速列车在尾流区域的声学指向性,并使气动噪声增加2.1∼8.7 dB。相关结论可以为高速列车气动声学设计等研究提供参考。Aerodynamic noise increases rapidly as the speed of the train increases,it is an important part of high-speed train noise.In this paper,a three-car train model with a scale up of 1:20 is used to solve the unsteady flow field of a high-speed train through the three-dimensional transient delayed detached eddy simulation(DDES)model,and the effect of ambient wind on the flow field structure and sound source characteristics is analyzed.After that,the FW-H equation is used for noise propagation calculation,and the effects of ambient wind at different speeds on the aerodynamic acoustic behavior characteristics of high-speed trains are compared and analyzed.Results showed:The main noise sources of high-speed trains are located near the bogies.Under the influence of ambient wind,the sound source intensity on the leeward side of the train is higher than that on the windward side,and the sound source intensity at the bottom of the train increases greatly.Ambient wind within 10 m/s will change the acoustic directivity of high-speed train in the wake region and increase the aerodynamic noise by 2.1–8.7 dB.The relevant conclusions can provide a reference for research into the aerodynamic acoustic design of high-speed trains.

关 键 词：高速列车 气动噪声 延迟分离涡模拟 FW-H方程 环境风 

分 类 号：B533.2[哲学宗教—外国哲学]