城乡义务教育教师交流轮岗政策演进:问题审思与优化路向  

Evolution and Optimization of Teacher Exchange Rotation Policy for Rural-Urban Compulsory Education:Reflections on Problems and Paths of Optimization

作　　者：杨卫安[1] Yang Weian

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地东北师范大学中国农村教育发展研究院

出　　处：《四川师范大学学报（社会科学版）》2024年第3期128-134,205,206,共9页Journal of Sichuan Normal University(Social Sciences Edition)

基　　金：2022年国家社会科学基金教育学一般项目“县域交流轮岗教师在流入校教育教学状况调查及优化政策研究”(BFA220183)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：教师交流轮岗政策是促进义务教育均衡发展和实现教育公平的重要举措。教师交流轮岗政策经历了鼓励引导为主的起步探索、规范初步建立的制度形成、强化政策落实的制度完善三个发展阶段。目前,政策设计依然存在一些问题,主要包括:重政策制定轻政策执行导致各地教师交流轮岗实践进度不一,实施力度有强有弱;交流轮岗教师的选拔标准较为笼统,“谁去交流”的随机性较大;激励保障机制不健全,教师主动交流轮岗的意愿较弱;重流动轻流动后的管理,降低了教师交流轮岗政策的最终成效。未来,需加强政策执行力度,明确各地教师交流轮岗制度化、常态化的时间表和路线图;明确全员流动的轮岗规则,建立科学合理的交流轮岗教师选拔机制;健全激励保障机制,提高教师主动交流轮岗的意愿;加强教师流动后的监管工作,切实提高教师交流轮岗成效。The teacher exchange rotation policy is an important measure to alleviate teacher shortages and low teacher quality in remote rural areas of China, thereby promoting balanced development in compulsory education and achieving educational equity. The compulsory education teacher exchange rotation policy in China has undergone nearly 30 years of development since its inception in 1996. Based on the degree of policy refinement and focus, it can be classified into three stages: initial exploration primarily focused on encouragement and guidance, the establishment of a formal system of exchange rotation with regulatory constraints, and the gradual refinement of policy with diversified exchange methods and incentives. Despite continuous improvements, the goal of institutionalization and normalization of the policy remains far from being achieved. The formulation and overall design of the policy still exhibit certain loopholes and deficiencies, hindering the deepening of the teacher exchange rotation policy and affecting its ultimate effectiveness. Challenges include the imbalance between policy formulation and execution leading to uneven progress and varying implementation intensity of teacher exchange rotation practices across different regions, the vague selection criteria for exchanged teachers, resulting in a high degree of randomness in selecting candidates for exchange, inadequate incentive mechanisms weakening teachers’ willingness to actively participate in exchange rotation, and deficiencies in post-rotation management, diminishing the final effectiveness of the policy. To address the challenges in the design and implementation of the teacher exchange rotation policy, it is imperative to continue promoting reforms in teacher exchange rotation policies within county-level regions. Future efforts should focus on strengthening policy execution, specifying timelines and roadmaps for institutionalizing and normalizing teacher exchange rotation in different regions. Provinces should formulate implementation plans f

关 键 词：义务教育 教师 交流轮岗 教育均衡 

分 类 号：G635.1[文化科学—教育学]