牦牛乳对小鼠肠道菌群及代谢的影响  

Effect of Yak Milk on Intestinal Microbiota and Metabolism in Mice

作　　者：舒森彪 张金超 杨杰 汪雯翰[2] 罗章 李梁 刘振东 SHU Senbiao;ZHANG Jinchao;YANG Jie;WANG Wenhan;LUO Zhang;LI Liang;LIU Zhendong(School of Food Science,Xizang Agricultural and Animal Husbandry University,Linzhi 860000,China;Institute of Edible Fungi,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Key Laboratory of Edible Fungal Resources and Utilization(South),Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs,National Engineering Research Center of Edible Fungi,Key Laboratory of Agricultural Genetics and Breeding of Shanghai,Shanghai 201403,China)

机构地区：[1]西藏农牧学院食品科学学院,西藏林芝860000 [2]上海市农业科学院食用菌研究所,农业农村部南方食用菌资源利用重点实验室,国家食用菌工程技术研究中心,上海市农业遗传育种重点实验室,上海201403

出　　处：《食品科学》2024年第10期135-146,共12页Food Science

基　　金：西北农林科技大学-西藏农牧学院联合项目(XNLH2022-03);国家自然科学基金地区科学基金项目(32160561)。

摘　　要：为探究长期牦牛乳饮食对肠道菌群及代谢的影响,探寻高原牧区单一饮食习服性与牦牛乳摄入的相关性,本实验以牦牛乳与荷斯坦牛乳饮食小鼠为研究对象,通过宏基因组学和代谢组学的方法对不同牛乳饮食小鼠肠道微生物群落结构和代谢产物进行研究。结果显示,在门水平上,牦牛乳饮食组(Q)提高了放线菌门(Actinobacteria)(33.27%)、拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)(24.31%)和疣微菌门(Verrucomicrobia)(11.08%)的相对丰度,荷斯坦牛乳饮食组(S)提高了厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)(43.74%)和拟杆菌门(24.75%)的相对丰度;在属水平上,Q组提高了阿克曼菌属(Akkermansia)(11.80%)、拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)(6.09%)和利莫西尔乳酸杆菌属(Limosilactobacillus)(4.77%)的相对丰度,S组提高了乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)(28.62%)、邓肯艾拉菌属(Duncaniella)(6.15%)和利莫西尔乳酸杆菌属(Limosilactobacillus)(6.49%)的相对丰度。功能上,Q组和S组都上调了碳水化合物代谢和核苷酸代谢,Q组显著上调了氨基酸代谢、辅助因子和维生素的代谢、能量代谢、次生代谢物的生物合成和肽聚糖的生物合成和代谢。基于代谢组学发现,Q组提高了VB1、(±)12(13)-二羟基-9-十八烷基酸、辅酶Q2和磺胺甲嘧啶等代谢物的含量,并且提高了小鼠体内类固醇激素的生物合成、辅因子的生物合成、2-氧代羧酸代谢、VB6代谢和苯丙氨酸代谢等。小鼠肠道形态显示,随着肠道微生物多样性和丰富度的增加,小鼠肠壁厚度增加,肠绒毛变得更长、更密集,且没有畸形或破损的情况。综上所述,牦牛乳对小鼠肠道菌群及代谢具有积极影响,本研究为进一步开发利用牦牛乳提供科学依据。In order to investigate the effect of long-term consumption of yak milk on the intestinal flora and metabolism and to explore the correlation between acclimation to monodiet and yak milk intake in high-altitude pastoral areas,this study used metagenomics and metabolomics to evaluate the gut microbial community structure and metabolites of mice fed yak milk or Holstein cow milk.Results showed that compared with the control group(normal saline solution),at the phylum level,ingestion of yak milk improved the relative abundance of Actinobacteria(33.27%),Bacteroidetes(24.31%)and Verrucomicrobia(11.08%),while ingestion of Holstein cow milk increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes(43.74%)and Bacteroidetes(24.75%).At the genus level,yak milk consumption increased the relative abundance of Ackermania(11.80%),Bacteroides(6.09%)and Limosilactobacillus(4.77%),while Holstein cow milk consumption increased the relative abundance of Lactobacillus(28.62%),Duncaniella(6.15%)and Limosilactobacillus(6.49%).Both yak and Holstein cow milk up-regulated carbohydrate and nucleotide metabolism.Furthermore,yak milk significantly up-regulated amino acid metabolism,cofactor and vitamin metabolism,energy metabolism,the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites,and the biosynthesis and metabolism of peptidoglycan.Metabolomics revealed that yak milk increased the contents of metabolites such as VB1,(+/-)12(13)-DiHOME,coenzyme Q2 and sulfonymethazine,as well as steroid hormone biosynthesis,cofactor biosynthesis,2-oxyarboxylate metabolism,VB6 metabolism and phenylalanine metabolism in mice.Investigation of intestinal tissue morphology showed that the intestinal wall became thicker with increasing diversity and richness of the gut microbiota and the intestinal villi became longer and denser without deformity or breakage.In conclusion,yak milk has a positive effect on the intestinal flora and metabolism in mice,and this study provides a scientific basis for further development and utilization of yak milk.

关 键 词：牦牛乳 荷斯坦牛乳 肠道菌群 代谢 肠道形态 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]