学校道德教育的美丽风险及制度防范——基于公共生活伦理的分析  

The Beautiful Risk and Its Institutional Prevention of School Moral Education——Analysis Based on the Ethics of Public Life

作　　者：姜子豪 刘潞 Jiang Zihao;Liu Lu(Wuhan University;Central China Normal University)

机构地区：[1]武汉大学哲学学院 [2]华中师范大学教育学院,武汉430070

出　　处：《当代教育科学》2024年第4期29-36,共8页Contemporary Education Sciences

基　　金：全国教育科学规划教育部重点课题“制度德育视角下的学校文明秩序构建”(项目编号:DEA190355)的研究成果之一。

摘　　要：以伦理的视角看,公共生活受陌生人伦理和契约伦理的支配。陌生人伦理排斥道德情感,契约伦理过分注重个人权利和形式合理性,导致美德丧失了存在的空间,本该具有崇高性的道德在公共生活中被拉向了底线水平。当前学校的道德教育理论研究与实践探索在某种程度上呈现出盲目迎合公共生活底线要求的趋势,造成规范主义的突显和美德的消解。正因每个主体(学生)进入制度化的公共生活是不可避免的历史趋势,才呈现出公共生活之于学校道德教育的“美丽风险”。学校道德教育的美丽风险具体表现为:公共生活默认的规范主义对道德教育的侵蚀;道德教育崇尚的美德在公共生活中的消隐。公共生活伦理视域中道德教育的危机不仅仅是道德教育的内部问题,更是制度伦理的问题。要摆脱学校道德教育制度化趋势的负面影响,就要健全“扬善”的制度功能,强化“正义”的制度建设。From an ethical perspective,public life is governed by the ethics of strangers and the ethics of contracts.The ethics of strangers reject moral emotions,while the ethics of contracts overly focus on individual rights and formal rationality,resulting in the loss of space for virtues to exist.Morality,which should have lofty qualities,is pulled towards the bottom line in public life.The current theoretical research and practical exploration of moral education in schools have shown a trend of blindly catering to the bottom line requirements of public life to some extent,and caused the prominence of normalism and the dissolution of virtue.Because it is an inevitable historical trend for every subject(student)to enter into institutionalized public life,it appears“the beautiful risk”of public life to moral education in schools.The beautiful risks of moral education in schools are specifically manifested in the erosion of moral education by the default normalization of public life;and the disappearance of virtues advocated by moral education in public life.The crisis of moral education from the perspective of public life ethics is not only an internal issue of moral education,but also a problem of institutional ethics.If we want to break free from the negative value of institutionalized trends,we should improve the institutional function of“promoting goodness”,and strengthen the institutional construction of“justice”.

关 键 词：道德教育 公共生活 契约伦理 陌生人伦理 制度正义 

分 类 号：G41[文化科学—教育学]