高铁过电压对车载牵引供电系统的影响机理及抑制方法:系统性综述  

Influence Mechanism and Suppression Methodologies of the Overvoltage of High-speed Railway on the Vehicle-mounted Traction Power Supply System:Systematic Review

作　　者：肖嵩 曹野[1] 吴广宁[1] 高国强[1] 郭裕钧 张血琴[1] 孙传铭 刘建城 XIAO Song;CAO Ye;WU Guangning;GAO Guoqiang;GUO Yujun;ZHANG Xueqin;SUN Chuanming;LIU Jiancheng(Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,Sichuan Province,China;CRRC Qingdao Sifang Co.,Ltd.,Qingdao 266611,Shandong Province,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学,四川省成都市611756 [2]中车青岛四方机车车辆股份有限公司,山东省青岛市266611

出　　处：《中国电机工程学报》2024年第12期4682-4701,I0008,共21页Proceedings of the CSEE

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52277166,51837009,51922090)。

摘　　要：为了追求更高的牵引速度及更强的运载能力,高铁车载牵引供电系统功率容量不断提升,现有牵引供电系统及关键设备需要应对更高频次、更大幅值的过电压冲击,如何保障列车在高速运行状态下牵引系统安全、可靠地运行是如今高速列车设计面临的重要技术挑战。详细调研了过电压导致牵引供电系统出现的典型故障,归纳了高速列车中过电压的种类及相关特性,目前主流的牵引供电方式包括采用带回流线的直接供电方式与自耦变压器(automatic transformer,AT)供电方式,均是单相交流供电制式。为了保障三相负荷平衡,防止系统中负序电流的产生,传输异相电流的相邻供电臂间通过绝缘分相区进行隔离。列车在驶过分相区时需要操作车载真空断路器(vacuum circuit breaker,VCB),分合闸过程中会产生剧烈的过电压冲击;此外,“弓-网”离线电弧及“轮-轨”滚动电弧频发,也伴随着过电压。通过调研目前已构建的牵引供电系统过电压特性仿真模型,探究了过电压的产生机理及传播规律;梳理了影响过电压特性的关键因素及抑制措施;明确了未来的研究重点,即“弓-网”及“轮-轨”燃弧过电压产生的机理和影响;“多车共臂”及“多车重联”工况下过电压的传播规律;展望了“源头-路径-终端”三位一体的过电压抑制方法。In order to pursue higher traction velocity and stronger loading capacity,the power capacity of the on-board traction power supply system of high-speed trains is constantly enhanced.The existing traction power supply system with the critical equipment needs to cope with higher frequency and greater amplitude of overvoltage impulse.How to maintain the safe and reliable operation of the traction system under high-speed condition is a vital technical challenge for the design of high-speed trains today.Herein,the typical faults of the traction power supply system caused by overvoltage are investigated in detail,as the types of overvoltage with corresponding characteristics occurring in high-speed trains are summarized.At present,the mainstreamed traction power supply modes contain the direct power supply mode with reflux line and the automatic transformer(AT)power supply mode,both of which are single-phase AC power supply systems.In order to ensure the balance of three-phase load and prevent the generation of negative sequence current in the system,adjacent power supply arms that transmit out of phase current are isolated by insulating phase-splitting section.The vehiclemounted vacuum circuit breaker(VCB)needs to be operated when the train passes through the phase-splitting section,as severe overvoltage impact tends to occur during the switching-on and switching-off processes.In addition,the‘pantograph-catenary’offline arc and the‘wheel-rail’rolling arc occur frequently,also accompanied by overvoltage impulse.From current research on traction power supply system simulation models,we explore overvoltage generation and propagation,summarize influencing factors and suppression measures.Future focus includes'pantographcatenary'and'wheel-rail'overvoltage impact,overvoltage propagation in'multiple-trains sharing'and'carriage connection'scenarios,and prospects for a'source-pathterminal'suppression method.

关 键 词：高速列车 过电压 真空断路器电弧 弓网离线电弧 “轮-轨”滚动电弧 

分 类 号：U270.381[机械工程—车辆工程]