Heterogeneity of mature oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system  

作　　者：Chao Weng Adam M.R.Groh Moein Yaqubi Qiao-Ling Cui Jo Anne Stratton G.R.Wayne Moore Jack P.Antel 

机构地区：[1]Neuroimmunology Unit,Montreal Neurological Institute-Hospital,Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery,McGill University,Montreal,QC,Canada [2]Department of Neurology,Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University,Wuhan,Hubei Province,China

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2025年第5期1336-1349,共14页中国神经再生研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by a grant from the Progressive MS Alliance(BRAVE in MS);Le Grand Portage Fund。

摘　　要：Mature oligodendrocytes form myelin sheaths that are crucial for the insulation of axons and efficient signal transmission in the central nervous system.Recent evidence has challenged the classical view of the functionally static mature oligodendrocyte and revealed a gamut of dynamic functions such as the ability to modulate neuronal circuitry and provide metabolic support to axons.Despite the recognition of potential heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocyte function,a comprehensive summary of mature oligodendrocyte diversity is lacking.We delve into early 20th-century studies by Robertson and Río-Hortega that laid the foundation for the modern identification of regional and morphological heterogeneity in mature oligodendrocytes.Indeed,recent morphologic and functional studies call into question the long-assumed homogeneity of mature oligodendrocyte function through the identification of distinct subtypes with varying myelination preferences.Furthermore,modern molecular investigations,employing techniques such as single cell/nucleus RNA sequencing,consistently unveil at least six mature oligodendrocyte subpopulations in the human central nervous system that are highly transcriptomically diverse and vary with central nervous system region.Age and disease related mature oligodendrocyte variation denotes the impact of pathological conditions such as multiple sclerosis,Alzheimer's disease,and psychiatric disorders.Nevertheless,caution is warranted when subclassifying mature oligodendrocytes because of the simplification needed to make conclusions about cell identity from temporally confined investigations.Future studies leveraging advanced techniques like spatial transcriptomics and single-cell proteomics promise a more nuanced understanding of mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity.Such research avenues that precisely evaluate mature oligodendrocyte heterogeneity with care to understand the mitigating influence of species,sex,central nervous system region,age,and disease,hold promise for the development of therapeutic

关 键 词：aging central nervous system diseases electron microscopy HETEROGENEITY immunohistochemistry myelin sheath natural history NEUROGLIA OLIGODENDROGLIA single-cell gene expression analysis 

分 类 号：R741[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]