克劳斯·君特道德规范应用理论的争议与评议  

Klaus Günther's Theory of the Application of Moral Norms:Controversy and Review

作　　者：任祥伟 曹小丽 REN Xiangwei;CAO Xiaoli(Philosophy Paradigms Research Center,Jiangsu Normal University;School of Marxism,Jiangsu Normal University)

机构地区：[1]江苏师范大学哲学范式研究院 [2]江苏师范大学马克思主义学院

出　　处：《当代中国价值观研究》2024年第3期111-121,共11页Chinese Journal of Contemporary Values

基　　金：江苏省社会科学基金青年项目“商谈伦理学的道德应用路径研究”(23ZXC006)的阶段性成果。

摘　　要：商谈伦理学不只靠“普遍化原则”(由哈贝马斯提出)证成道德规范的“普遍有效性”,还依据“合适性原则”(由君特提出)保障道德规范的现实应用,从而指导我们在具体情境中如何选择合适的道德规范来运用。克劳斯·君特十分重视道德规范的应用问题,他试图以一种法律诠释学的视角解决该问题,即不仅要做到对具体情境诠释的“完整性”,还要做到对道德规范本身诠释的“融贯性”,这样才能在具体情境中选择和运用最合适的道德规范。相反,亚里士多德主义则主张,具体情境中的价值判断并非依据先在的道德规范,而是依据一种“实践智慧”,这种实践智慧的具体情境判断最终依托现存的社会伦理纲常。亚里士多德主义和克劳斯·君特的观点截然对立,但实际上二者都存在自身的理论盲区,这些都需要加以厘清。The ethics of negotiation not only relies on the principle of universality(proposed by Habermas)to prove the universal validity of moral norms,but also on the principle of appropriateness(proposed by Junte)to ensure the application of moral norms in negotiations,thereby telling us how to choose appropriate moral norms to use in specific situations.Klaus Günther attaches great importance to the application of moral norms and attempts to solve the problem from a legal hermeneutic perspective,which requires not only the“completeness”of the interpretation of specific situations,but also the“integration”of the interpretation of moral norms themselves,so as to select and apply the most suitable moral norms in specific situations.On the contrary,Aristotelism advocates that value judgments in specific contexts are not based on pre-existing moral norms,but on a kind of“practical wisdom”,and the specific situational judgments of practical wisdom ultimately rely on existing social ethical norms.Aristotelism and Klaus Junt each have their own opinions and are not willing to compromise,but in reality,both have their own theoretical blind spots,which need to be objectively clarified.

关 键 词：克劳斯·君特 亚里士多德主义 道德规范 具体情境 典型情境 

分 类 号：B82[哲学宗教—伦理学]