美国教师评估与退出机制的构建及其启示:基于对IMPACT教师评估系统的剖析  

The Construction of Teacher Evaluation and Exit Mechanism in the United States and Its Implications:on the Basis of an Analysis of the IMPACT Teacher Evaluation System

作　　者：王莹[1] 任霞 WANG Ying;REN Xia(School of Education,Central China Normal University,Wuhan,Hubei 430000,China)

机构地区：[1]华中师范大学教育学院,湖北武汉430000

出　　处：《成都师范学院学报》2024年第4期43-54,共12页Journal of Chengdu Normal University

基　　金：2021年度国家社会科学基金项目(21BMZ107)。

摘　　要：为探索我国教师评估与退出机制的建立与运行,采用文本分析方法对美国华盛顿哥伦比亚特区IMPACT评估系统操作指南进行分析,总结IMPACT评估系统的运行体系与特点,为我国教师评估与退出机制提供借鉴。IMPACT评估系统通过覆盖全体的评估对象、专业多元的评估责任主体、丰富具体的评估内容、清晰透明的评估流程以及奖罚分明的评估结果对华盛顿特区公立学校系统教师进行评估,整个系统呈现出评估内容专业化、评估过程公正化、评估结果差异化和评估系统动态化等特点。综观IMPACT评估系统的设计与运行,我国在构建教师评估与退出机制时,应注意在体系建设上强调政府提供制度支持;在评估内容与标准上关注教师能力;在评估责任主体上要兼顾多方利益群体;在系统设计上要因地制宜;最后在系统实施过程中更要注重宽严适度。In order to explore the establishment and operation of China’s teacher evaluation and exit mechanism,text analysis was used to analyze the operating guidelines of the IMPACT evaluation system in Washington,D.C.,the United States,and summarize the operating system and characteristics of the IMPACT evaluation system,so as to provide a reference for China’s teacher evaluation and exit mechanism.The IMPACT evaluation system evaluates teachers in the public school system of Washington,D.C.through an evaluation target group covering the entire population,a professional and diverse evaluation responsibility group,rich and specific evaluation content,a clear and transparent evaluation process,and a clear distinction between rewards and penalties for the evaluation results.The whole system presents the characteristics with professionalized evaluation content,a fair evaluation process,differentiated evaluation results,and a dynamic evaluation system.Concerning the design and operation of the IMPACT evaluation system,when China builds the teacher evaluation and exit mechanism,attention should be paid to emphasizing the government’s provision of institutional support in the construction of the system,focus should be on teachers’competence in terms of the content and standards of the evaluation,multiple interest groups should be taken into account in terms of the main body of the evaluation responsibility,the design of the system should be adapted to the local conditions,and finally importance should be attached to the appropriateness of leniency and severity in the implementation of the system.

关 键 词：IMPACT教师评估系统 华盛顿哥伦比亚特区公立学校系统 教育评估 教师队伍建设 教师退出机制 美国教师 

分 类 号：G40-059.3[文化科学—教育学原理]