栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝营养及重金属蓄积分析和质量评价  

Nutrient and Heavy Metal Accumulation Analysis and Quality Evaluation in Chlamys farreri and Argopecten irradians

作　　者：姜黎明 李五 王亮 卢波 吕廷晋 徐晓莹 胡丽萍 JIANG Li-ming;LI Wu;WANG Liang(Yantai Marine Economic Research Institute,Yantai,Shandong 264003)

机构地区：[1]烟台市海洋经济研究院,山东烟台264003

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2024年第13期149-153,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：山东省贝类产业技术体系建设项目(SDAIT-14-11);烟台市科技计划项目(2020MSGY063);烟台市扇贝育种重点实验室建设项目。

摘　　要：[目的]了解上市时段栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝常食部位的营养成分及重金属含量情况。[方法]采用常规营养分析和重金属检测方法,对2种扇贝去壳软体部和闭壳肌的一般营养成分、部分矿物元素及重金属Pb、Cd、Hg、Cr的含量进行测定,并对扇贝软体部和闭壳肌营养成分和重金属蓄积程度进行比较分析。[结果]栉孔扇贝和海湾扇贝软体部中的粗蛋白含量分别为17.13%和12.57%,粗脂肪含量分别为2.48%和0.75%;闭壳肌中的粗蛋白含量分别为26.08%和21.49%,粗脂肪含量分别为0.57%和0.44%。栉孔扇贝软体部和闭壳肌的粗蛋白含量以及软体部的粗脂肪含量均显著高于海湾扇贝(P<0.05)。2种扇贝软体部和闭壳肌中的矿物元素含量均依次为P>Ca>Zn>Cu,且Ca、Cu和Zn含量均表现为海湾扇贝显著高于栉孔扇贝(P<0.05)。2种扇贝重金属含量均表现为Hg含量最低,其中海湾扇贝软体部和闭壳肌中的Cd和Cr含量均显著高于栉孔扇贝(P<0.05),Pb和Hg含量显著低于栉孔扇贝(P<0.05)。比较软体部和闭壳肌中重金属含量,2种扇贝均表现为软体部重金属含量高于闭壳肌,且差异显著(P<0.05)。不同扇贝或相同扇贝的不同组织对不同重金属蓄积程度(P_(i))有明显的差异性,其中采样海域海湾扇贝软体部中Cr的P_(i)值超过1.0,处于重度污染状态。[结论]栉孔扇贝粗蛋白含量高于海湾扇贝,多种矿物质含量低于海湾扇贝,不同重金属含量各有高低;2种扇贝闭壳肌更是具有高蛋白、低脂肪特点,且有害重金属蓄积少,食用价值相较软体部更高。[Objective]To understand the nutrient composition and heavy metal content of the regular feeding parts of Chlamys farreri and Argopecten irradians during the marketing period.[Method]The conventional nutritional analysis and heavy metal detection methods were used.The contents of general nutrients,some mineral elements and heavy metals of Pb,Cd,Hg and Cr in the soft part and adductor muscle of two kinds of scallops were determined,and the nutrient components and heavy metal accumulation degree were compared and evaluated.[Result]The crude protein content in the soft part of C.farreri and A.irradians were 17.13%and 12.57%,and the crude fat content was 2.48%and 0.75%,respectively.The crude protein content and the crude fat content in adductor muscle were 26.08%and 21.49%,and 0.57%,0.44%,respectively.The crude protein content in the soft part and adductor muscle and the crude fat content in the soft part of C.farreri were significantly higher than those in A.irradians(P<0.05).The contents of mineral elements in the soft part and adductor muscle of C.farreri and A.irradians were P>Ca>Zn>Cu,and the contents of Ca,Cu and Zn in A.irradians were significantly higher than those in C.farreri(P<0.05).Hg content was the lowest C.farreri and d,the contents of Cd and Cr in the soft part and adductor muscle of A.irradians were significantly higher than those of C.farreri(P<0.05),while the contents of Pb and Hg were significantly lower than those of C.farreri(P<0.05).Comparing the content of heavy metals in the soft part and adductor muscle,the content of heavy metals in the soft part was higher than that in the adductor muscle,and the difference was significant(P<0.05).Different scallops or different tissues of the same scallop have obvious differences in the accumulation degree of different heavy metals,and the P_(i)value of Cr in the soft part of A.irradians is more than 1.0,which was in the state of heavy pollution.[Conclusion]The protein content of C.farreri was higher than that of A.irradians,and the content of various min

关 键 词：栉孔扇贝 海湾扇贝 营养成分 矿物元素 重金属 

分 类 号：TS254.7[轻工技术与工程—水产品加工及贮藏工程]