让新手教师都能胜任教学:基于高能实践的美国特殊教育教师职前培养探究  

Making Novice Teachers Competent in Teaching:A Study on the Special Education Teachers'Pre-Service Training in the United States Based on High-Leverage Practices

作　　者：王娇娇 唐佳益 王雁[1] WANG Jiaojiao;TANG Jiayi;WANG Yan(Faculty of education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;School of educational science,Chongqing Normal University,Chongqing,401331)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [2]重庆师范大学教育科学学院,重庆401331

出　　处：《中国特殊教育》2024年第5期87-96,共10页Chinese Journal of Special Education

基　　金：国家社会科学基金“十四五”规划2021年度教育学一般课题“融合教育质量提升背景下普通教育教师与特殊教育教师合作教学研究”,课题批准号:BHA210151。

摘　　要：高能实践是美国实践取向特殊教育教师职前培养的一个侧枝,旨在摆脱职前培养项目长期存在的重理论轻实践困境,避免职前教师在缺乏变量控制的无序实践中学习。它在承认教学复杂性的前提下,强调提炼并总结教学中频繁发生的、基础的、“生成性”的实践活动,并通过精心设计的职前培养课程与教学帮助职前教师熟练掌握并运用核心实践集,实现每位新手教师都能胜任教学的愿景。本文对美国基于高能实践的特殊教育教师职前培养的提出背景、制定与实施、影响与挑战进行梳理与介绍。在此基础上,结合我国高质量特殊教育及其师资队伍建设的现实背景,提出相应建议。High-leverage practice is a side branch of practice-based pre-service training for special education teachers in the United States,aiming to break away from the long-standing dilemma of pre-service teacher preparation programs that focus on theory rather than practice,and to prevent candidates from learning to practice without control over the variables.While acknowledging the complexity of teaching,it emphasizes the distillation and summarization of the frequent,foundational,and"generative"practices of teaching,and helps candidates master and apply the core practices through well-designed pre-service curriculum and instruction,so as to realize the vision that every novice teacher can be competent in teaching.This study summarized the background,development,implementation,impact,and challenges of pre-service training for special education teachers based on high-leverage practice in the United States.On this basis,corresponding suggestions in light of the reality of China's high-quality special education and its teacher education are put forward.

关 键 词：高能实践 职前培养 特殊教育教师 美国 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]