仁爱正义论:情感正义论的儒家版本——儒家情感伦理学再讨论  

The theory of benevolence and justice: Confucian version of emotive justice

作　　者：黄玉顺[1] HUANG Yu-shun

机构地区：[1]山东大学儒家文明省部共建协同创新中心,山东济南250100

出　　处：《东南大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第4期5-14,150,共11页Journal of Southeast University(Philosophy and Social Science)

摘　　要：中西方都有正义论的传统,而且其中都有作为情感伦理学的情感正义论的传统,但两者存在着重大的区别。作为“生活儒学”的次级理论,儒家的基础伦理学——“中国正义论”本质上也是一种情感正义论,但其核心并非泛泛的“情感”,而是特定的“仁爱”情感,因此可以称之为“仁爱正义论”,这就是情感正义论的儒家版本。该理论以“仁爱”情感来阐明所有社会正义问题,其要领是区分“仁爱”情感的两个维度,即“差等之爱”与“一体之仁”(“博爱”):作为正义问题的触发点的利益冲突,正是仁爱之中的差等之爱的结果;而解决利益冲突问题的情感路径,则正是仁爱之中的超越差等之爱的博爱情感。从差等之爱向一体之仁的情感跃迁,其情感机制是推己及人的情感“推扩”:首先是在“情理之思”中形成“良知”即作为道德情感的正义感(“知”“是非之心”)。然后是由正义感的理性化而形成作为情感理性的正义原则(“义”),即源于博爱“情感”的正当性原则和源于生活“情实”的适宜性原则。最终形成“礼乐”文化,即根据正义原则,运用工具理性(“智”)来建构社会规范及其制度(“礼”);同时以艺术形式(“乐”)来消除制度规范的人际角色“别异”所造成的情感疏离,形成社会群体的情感“和同”即社会和谐。Both the Western and Eastern philosophical traditions have a lineage of theories on justice,some of which integrate emotional ethics,yet significant discrepancies exist between the two.As a secondary theory of“practical Confucianism,”the fundamental ethical doctrine of Confucianism,Chinese justice theory,is essentially a form of emotive justice.However,its core is not merely general emotions,but the specific emotions of benevolence and love,hence the appellation“Theory of Benevolence and Justice”-the Confucian iteration of emotive justice.This theory elucidates all social justice issues through the emotion of benevolence.Its key lies in distinguishing between two dimensions of benevolence:love following a spectrum of descending priority and universal benevolence.Conflicts of interest as a result of the former is the exact cause of justice issues;the resolution is the latter——love that transcends the ties of family,friends and neighbors to include everyone and everything.The underlying mechanism of the transcendence is“emotional extension.”First,moral sense is developed through emotional reasoning.Then,rationalization of the moral sense constitutes the principle of justice which includes the legitimacy principle of universal love,and the propriety principle stemming from the lived experience.Ultimately,this culminates in the“rites and music”culture,which utilizes instrumental rationality to construct social norms and the corresponding systems(rites);concomitantly,it employs artistic forms(music)to alleviate emotional estrangement caused by social role differentiation,thus fostering emotional“concord”and social harmony.

关 键 词：正义论 生活儒学 情感正义论 情感伦理学 仁爱正义论 

分 类 号：B82-0[哲学宗教—伦理学]