文化视角下中美俄数学奥林匹克试题的比较研究  

A Comparative Study of Chinese,American and Russian Mathematical Olympiad Questions from a Cultural Perspective

作　　者：吕孙忠[1] 雷沛瑶 何忆捷 熊斌 LV Sun-zhong;LEI Pei-yao;HE Yi-jie;XIONG Bin(College of Mathematics and Physics,Wenzhou University,Zhejiang Wenzhou 325035,China;Chengdu Academy of Education Sciences,Sichuan Chengdu 610036,China;School of Mathematical Sciences,East China Normal University,Shanghai 200241,China;Shanghai Key Laboratory of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Practice,Shanghai 200241,China)

机构地区：[1]温州大学数理学院,浙江温州325035 [2]成都市教育科学研究院,四川成都610036 [3]华东师范大学数学科学学院,上海200241 [4]上海市核心数学与实践重点实验室,上海200241

出　　处：《数学教育学报》2024年第3期12-18,共7页Journal of Mathematics Education

基　　金：上海市核心数学与实践重点实验室课题——数学实践(22DZ2229014);宁波市效实中学数学资优生选拔与培养模式的研究项目(RH2312005)。

摘　　要：数学竞赛是识别和培养数学英才的重要手段,在国际英才教育体系中占有重要地位.根据数学文化的内涵特点,构建面向数学竞赛试题的数学文化分类框架,以中、美、俄3个国家的试题为样本,分析和比较它们在知识源流、学科联系、社会角色、审美娱乐和多元文化5个数学文化维度上的分布特点.研究发现,3个国家的试题都注重数学文化,各有特点,但主要集中在审美娱乐和社会角色两个方面.得到数学竞赛命题以及数学资优生培养的相关启示:重视数学文化试题价值,彰显“育人性”;精选数学文化主题素材,注重“多元性”;立足数学文化普及特点,体现“民族性”;链接数学文化内容发展,指向“前沿性”.Mathematics competition is an important way to identify and nurture mathematical talents and occupies an important position in the international talent education system.According to the connotation of mathematics culture characteristic,this study constructs a mathematical culture classification framework for mathematics competition test questions.Taking the Mathematical Olympiad questions of China,America and Russia as test samples,this paper analyzes and compares the content distribution characteristics of mathematics culture in five dimensions:knowledge sources,disciplinary connections,social roles,aesthetic entertainment and multi-culture.It is found that test questions of these three countries all focus on mathematical culture,each with its own characteristics,but mainly focus on aesthetic entertainment and social roles.Based on these study findings,this study obtains relevant inspirations from mathematics competition propositions and the cultivation of mathematics gifted students.First,attach importance to the“educational”value of mathematics culture test questions.Second,select mathematics culture theme materials to focus on“diversity”.Third,embody“nationality”based on the popularization characteristics of mathematics culture.Forth,link to the development of mathematics cultural content and point to“frontier”.

关 键 词：数学竞赛 数学文化 试题比较 英才教育 

分 类 号：G424.79[文化科学—课程与教学论]