The pivotal role of microglia in injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage  

作　　者：Wenjing Ning Shi Lv Qian Wang Yuzhen Xu 

机构地区：[1]Department of Rehabilitation,The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University,Taian,Shandong Province,China [2]Department of Central Laboratory,The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University,Taian,Shandong Province,China

出　　处：《Neural Regeneration Research》2025年第7期1829-1848,共20页中国神经再生研究（英文版）

基　　金：supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province,No.ZR2022MH124;the Youth Science Foundation of Shandong First Medical University,No.202201–105(both to YX)。

摘　　要：Subarachnoid hemorrhage leads to a series of pathological changes,including vascular spasm,cellular apoptosis,blood–brain barrier damage,cerebral edema,and white matter injury.Microglia,which are the key immune cells in the central nervous system,maintain homeostasis in the neural environment,support neurons,mediate apoptosis,participate in immune regulation,and have neuroprotective effects.Increasing evidence has shown that microglia play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of subarachnoid hemorrhage and affect the process of injury and the prognosis of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Moreover,microglia play certain neuroprotective roles in the recovery phase of subarachnoid hemorrhage.Several approaches aimed at modulating microglia function are believed to attenuate subarachnoid hemorrhage injury.This provides new targets and ideas for the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.However,an in-depth and comprehensive summary of the role of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage is still lacking.This review describes the activation of microglia after subarachnoid hemorrhage and their roles in the pathological processes of vasospasm,neuroinflammation,neuronal apoptosis,blood–brain barrier disruption,cerebral edema,and cerebral white matter lesions.It also discusses the neuroprotective roles of microglia during recovery from subarachnoid hemorrhage and therapeutic advances aimed at modulating microglial function after subarachnoid hemorrhage.Currently,microglia in subarachnoid hemorrhage are targeted with TLR inhibitors,nuclear factor-κB and STAT3 pathway inhibitors,glycine/tyrosine kinases,NLRP3 signaling pathway inhibitors,Gasdermin D inhibitors,vincristine receptorαreceptor agonists,ferroptosis inhibitors,genetic modification techniques,stem cell therapies,and traditional Chinese medicine.However,most of these are still being evaluated at the laboratory stage.More clinical studies and data on subarachnoid hemorrhage are required to improve the treatment of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

关 键 词：apoptosis blood–brain barrier brain edema MICROGLIA NEUROINFLAMMATION neuron NEUROPROTECTION subarachnoid hemorrhage VASOCONSTRICTION white matter injury 

分 类 号：R743.35[医药卫生—神经病学与精神病学]