教育惩戒的公私法融合规制路径  

The Regulatory Pathways for the Integration of Public and Private Laws in the Discipline in Education

作　　者：林鸿潮[1] 王进威 Lin Hongchao;Wang Jinwei(the School of Discipline Inspection and Supervision,Renmin University of China,Beijing 100872;the China University of Political Science and Law,Beijing 100088)

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学纪检监察学院,北京100872 [2]中国政法大学,北京100088

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第8期136-148,共13页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2022年度一般项目“教育法典编纂的基本理论问题研究”(编号:22BFX171)的研究成果。

摘　　要：对教育惩戒的性质界定存在权力和权利两种思维进路,分别对应公权规制和私法自治两种路径。前者基于职权法定的理念建构,带有浓烈公权色彩;后者从学校自治入手,强调凭依学校章程、校纪班规进行软法形塑。教育惩戒以公权界定为基础进行单一规制存在诸多困境,表现为法律授权不足使惩戒合法性缺失,公法制裁逻辑和教育活动规律存在矛盾,教育惩戒纠纷解决仍以民事诉讼为主。以权利定性进行私法自治具有理论价值和规范基础,可以促进教育规律和法治思维的平衡,保障教师自主和学校自治,但其实施效果有赖于国家法的有限介入。推进教育惩戒的依法实施,需要在公私法融合的基础上,通过优化法律控制边界的规范基础、健全学校规章的软法治理机制、完善严重性惩戒介入的制度载体,对教育惩戒的实施进行多维规制。There are two ways to define the nature of educational punishment:a power and a right,which correspond to public power regulation and private law autonomy,respectively.The former,based on the concept of statutory authority,is colored with a strong public power,while the latter,which starts with school autonomy,emphasizes soft-law shaping according to a school's articles of association,school discipline,and class rules.There are difficulties in the single regulation of educational punishment based on the definition of a public right.For example,insufficient legal authorization leads to the lack of the legitimacy of punishment,there is a contradiction between the logic of public-law sanctions and the regular pattern of educational activities,and the settlement of disputes over educational punishment mainly relies on civil litigation.The definition of private-law autonomy based on rights is of theoretical value and on a normative basis;it helps to improve the balance between the regular pattern of education and rule-of-law thinking,and safeguard the autonomy of teachers and schools,but its effect depends on the limited intervention by national laws.To improve the implementation of educational punishment according to law,we shall,based on the integration of public and private laws,impose multidimensional regulation on the implementation of educational punishment by optimizing the normative basis of legal boundary control,improving the soft-law governance mechanism for school regulations,and consummating the institutional carrierof severepunishments.

关 键 词：教育惩戒 公私法融合 教师自主 学校自治 

分 类 号：D923[政治法律—民商法学] G635.1[政治法律—法学] D922.16[文化科学—教育学]