人尽其才:人工智能与过度教育  

Let Everybody Fully Display His Talents:Artificial Intelligence and Overeducation

作　　者：何勤英[1] 吴卓越 Qinying He;Zhuoyue Wu(College of Economics and Management,South China Agricultural University,Guangzhou 510642)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学经济管理学院,广州510642

出　　处：《教育与经济》2024年第4期35-45,共11页Education & Economy

基　　金：广东省社会科学基金一般项目“女性灵活就业趋势预测及其影响因素研究”(立项编号:GD20CYJ09)。

摘　　要：通过机制检验和异质性分析探讨了人工智能对劳动者过度教育状态的影响。研究结果显示,人工智能的应用显著改善了劳动者的过度教育情况。机制分析表明,这一效应主要得益于人工智能促进了劳动者工作搜寻努力的增加和工作任务性质的转变。异质性分析发现,普通教育与职业教育在应对人工智能冲击时呈现出不同状态,相较于职业教育,接受普通教育的劳动者在人工智能技术的推动下更可能改善其过度教育状态。此外,研究结果表明,在人工智能冲击下,农业户口的劳动者更有可能摆脱过度教育困境,而户籍歧视的减轻能够促进这一积极作用的发挥,为农业户口劳动者创造更多摆脱过度教育困境的机会。This paper delves into the effects of artificial intelligence on the state of overeducation through mechanism testing and heterogeneity analysis.The findings show that the application of artificial intelligence significantly ameliorates the condition of worker overeducation.Mechanism analysis indicates that this effect is primarily due to the fact that artificial intelligence can promote an increase in workers’job search efforts and a transformation in the nature of job tasks.In the heterogeneity analysis,the paper discovers different trends in general education and vocational education when facing the impact of artificial intelligence.Compared to vocational education,workers with general education are more likely to escape from overeducation with the push of artificial intelligence technology.Additionally,the results suggest that under the impact of artificial intelligence,workers with agricultural household registration are more likely to escape from overeducation.The relaxation of household registration constraints can maximize this positive effect to create more opportunities for them to escape the predicament of overeducation.

关 键 词：人工智能 过度教育 普通教育 职业教育 

分 类 号：F08[经济管理—政治经济学] G40-054[文化科学—教育学原理]