市售植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯污染水平研究  

Pollution level of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in vegetable oil on the market

作　　者：侯靖 卢跃鹏 周晓婷 赵礼阳 刘沁颖 刘梦婷 HOU Jing;LU Yuepeng;ZHOU Xiaoting;ZHAO Liyang;LIU Qinying;LIU Mengting(Wuhan Institute for Food and Cosmetic Control,Wuhan 430012,China;Key Laboratory of Edible Oil Quality and Safety for State Market Regulation,Wuhan 430012,China;Wuhan Institute for Drug and Medical Device Control,Wuhan 430075,China)

机构地区：[1]武汉食品化妆品检验所,武汉430012 [2]国家市场监管重点实验室(食用油质量与安全),武汉430012 [3]武汉药品医疗器械检验所,武汉430075

出　　处：《中国油脂》2024年第9期85-91,共7页China Oils and Fats

基　　金：湖北省食品药品监督管理局2018—2019年度科研项目(201802009);武汉食品化妆品检验所科研计划项目(SNLX-202302)。

摘　　要：为了调查市售植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯污染情况并为市场监管和行业质量提升提供技术依据,采用~(13)C同位素稀释-气相色谱-串联质谱法,对市售13种共48批次植物油样品中3-氯-1,2-丙二醇(3-MCPD)酯、2-氯-1,3-丙二醇(2-MCPD)酯和缩水甘油酯含量进行检测,采用气相色谱-质谱法对植物油中豆甾二烯含量进行检测,分析氯丙醇酯、缩水甘油酯和豆甾二烯含量之间的相关性,并考察精炼工序(脱色、脱臭)对植物油中氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯含量的影响。结果表明:所采用的氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯检测方法平均回收率为102.0%~110.4%,相对标准偏差小于或等于11.10%,且该方法测试结果均为满意;39批次样品中3-MCPD酯含量超过100μg/kg,范围为126~4252μg/kg,超过欧盟限量的有1批次,超标率为2.1%;32批次样品中2-MCPD酯含量超过100μg/kg,范围为101~2192μg/kg;34批次样品中缩水甘油酯含量超过100μg/kg,范围为109~4593μg/kg,超过欧盟限量的有6批次,超标率为12.5%;未精炼油脂(豆甾二烯含量小于0.1 mg/kg)中氯丙醇酯与缩水甘油酯含量均在定量限(100μg/kg)以下;3-MCPD酯含量与2-MCPD酯含量之间具有明显的相关性,而与缩水甘油酯、豆甾二烯含量之间不具有相关性,缩水甘油酯含量与豆甾二烯含量之间同样不具有相关性;精炼过程,特别是脱臭过程会导致氯丙醇酯与缩水甘油酯的产生。综上,市售植物油中缩水甘油酯污染情况相对较为严重,其污染原因与植物油精炼过程有关,需要引起重视。In order to investigate the pollution of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in commercially available vegetable oils and to provide technical basis for market regulation and quality improvement of the industry,13 C isotope dilution-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS/MS)method was used to analyse the contents of 3-chloro-1,2-propanediol(3-MCPD)esters,2-chloro-1,3-propanediol(2-MCPD)esters and glycidyl esters in a total of 48 batches of 13 types of vegetable oils available in the market,stigmastadiene content was measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS),the correlation between chloropropanol esters,glycidyl esters and stigmastadiene contents,and the effects of refining processes(bleaching and deodorization)on the contents of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters were investigated.The results showed that the average recoveries of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters were 102.0%-110.4%with the relative standard deviations(RSD)less than or equal to 11.10%,and the results of this method were satisfactory.The content of 3-MCPD esters in 39 batches exceeded 100μg/kg,ranging from 126μg/kg to 4252μg/kg and one batch exceeded the EU limit,with an exceeding rate of 2.1%.The content of 2-MCPD esters in 32 batches exceeded 100μg/kg,ranging from 101μg/kg to 2192μg/kg.The content of glycidyl esters in 34 batches exceeded 100μg/kg,ranging from 109μg/kg to 4593μg/kg,and 6 batches exceeded the EU limit,with an exceeding rate of 12.5%.The contents of chloropropanol esters and glycidyl esters in unrefined oils(with a content of stigmastadiene less than 0.1 mg/kg)were both below the limit of quantification(100μg/kg).There was a significant correlation between 3-MCPD esters content and 2-MCPD esters content while there was no correlation between 3-MCPD esters content,glycidyl esters content and stigmastadiene content,and no correlation between glycidyl esters content and stigmastadiene content.The refining process,especially the deodorization process,led to the production of chloropropan

关 键 词：植物油 氯丙醇酯 缩水甘油酯 油脂精炼 豆甾二烯 

分 类 号：TS225.1[轻工技术与工程—粮食、油脂及植物蛋白工程] TS227[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]