新时代学校美育观的确立与发展  

The Establishment and Development of the Ideas of Aesthetic Education in Educational Institutions in the New Era

作　　者：易晓明[1] Yi Xiaoming(the Institute of Moral Education(Key Research Institute in University),Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097)

机构地区：[1]教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地南京师范大学道德教育研究所,南京210097

出　　处：《教育研究》2024年第9期91-104,共14页Educational Research

基　　金：国家社会科学基金2023年度教育学一般项目“新时代高校美育的中国理论建构”(编号:BLA230245)的研究成果。

摘　　要：新时代,党和国家将学校美育的发展提高到事关强国建设、民族复兴的战略地位。党的十八届三中全会以来,国家出台了一系列重要政策,确立了新时代学校美育观。第一,重要政策文本的立场从艺术教育转变为美育,明确了美育是审美教育、情操教育和心灵教育,凸显了美育作为想象力教育的本质属性。第二,新时代的美育目标是培养具有审美和人文素养的社会主义建设者和接班人,美育目标定位从全面推进素质教育转向实现立德树人教育根本任务,目标内涵从工具价值回归本体价值。第三,美育的育人路径是“浸润”,这揭示了美育以情润心、以美化人的独特机制,构建了全学科全场域的“美的教育”。第四,新时代学校美育观不断发展,提出了乡村美育、美育评价、技术赋能美育等方面的新课题,为美育改革实践指明了方向。In the new era,the Communist Party of China(CPC)and the Chinese government elevate the development of aesthetic education in educational institutions to a strategic position related to the building of a powerful country and national rejuvenation.Since the third plenary session of the 18th CPC Central Committee,China has formulated a series of important policies and established the concept of aesthetic education in educational institutions in the new era.First,the important policy texts have changed their position from art education to aesthetic education,and have made it clear that aesthetic education targets education for beauty appreciation,moral sentiments,and the spirit,highlighting the essential attribute of aesthetic education as imaginative education.Second,aesthetic education in the new era aims to cultivate socialist builders and successors with aesthetic and humanistic accomplishments;it shifts the goal orientation from the comprehensive promotion of well-rounded education to the accomplishment of the fundamental task of molding high morals and cultivating talents based on people orientation,and it changes the connotations of the goal from instrumental value to ontological value.Third,the way to cultivate talents in aesthetic education is"infiltration,"which reveals the unique mechanism for aesthetic education to nourish the heart with emotions and cultivate people through beauty,and constructs"beauty-oriented education"for all disciplines and fields.Fourth,the continuously-developing concept of aesthetic education in educational institutions in the new era presents new topics such as rural aesthetic education,the evaluation of aesthetic education,and technology-empowered aesthetic education,and directs the practice of the aesthetic education reform.

关 键 词：学校美育 美育观 美育本质 美育目标 美育浸润 

分 类 号：G40-014[文化科学—教育学原理]