“体爱”发微:墨家、儒家、杨朱对话视野之下的研究  

A Detailed Analysis of the Notion of“Considerate Love”:Based on the Dialogues Among Mohistm,Confucianism and School of Yang Zhu

作　　者：王博[1] Wang Bo(Department of Philosophy and Religious Studies,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China)

机构地区：[1]北京大学哲学系,北京100871

出　　处：《北京大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2024年第5期31-44,共14页Journal of Peking University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

摘　　要：《墨子·经上》“仁,体爱也”之说,在学术史上曾经引起了广泛的关注。在兼爱说的背景之上,结合墨辩相关文献,力图分析“体爱”所包含的人类之爱、视人如己和损己三方面的意义,并在墨家与儒家、杨朱之学对话的背景中揭示体爱之说的独特性。大体说来,先秦时期围绕着对于仁爱的理解,形成了儒家的亲亲爱人、墨家的相爱相利、杨朱的贵己兼利三种不同的思路,共同塑造了早期中国思想的丰富画面。The saying that“benevolence is considerate love”(仁,体爱也)in Canons A,the Mozi(《墨子·经上》)once attracted extensive attention in Chinese intellectual history.Through an analysis of the theory of universal love(兼爱)and the texts related to the debate on Mohism(墨辩),this article holds that considerate love(体爱)encompassed the meanings in such three respects as human love(人类之爱),treating others as oneself(视人如己),and doing harm to oneself(损己).This article also reveals the uniqueness of the theory of considerate love under the background of the dialogues among Mohism,Confucianism and Studies of Yang Zhu(杨朱之学).Generally speaking,three different ways of thinking could be found in the pre-Qin period regarding the understanding of benevolent love(仁爱),that is,love for kindred and affection for others(亲亲爱人)in Confucianism,mutual love and mutual benefit(相爱相利)in Mohism,and self-treasuring and benefit for all(贵己兼利)in School of Yang Zhu.Together,they formed a rich and colorful picture of early Chinese ideology and showed the significance of the above dialogues for the prosperity of thought.In addition,the debate on names(名辩)had the following characteristics:first,the rise of the debate on names was closely related to the core theme of the distinction between right and wrong,and between ordered governance and chaos.Therefore,when the debate on names in the pre-Qin period in general,and the Mohist debate on names in particular,were examined,the values and political orientation deserved attention,although the logical or philological perspective was certainly important.Second,in terms of the contents of the debate on names,the examination of the similarities and dissimilarities as well as the discrimination of names and their actualities(名实)were the key notions.Third,there were two objectives within the debate on names:one was to distinguish interests and benefits,and the other was to analyze suspicions and doubts.Finally,the principle of categ

关 键 词：体爱 兼爱 推己及人 视人如己 贵己 名辩 

分 类 号：B22[哲学宗教—中国哲学]