ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸健康机制及应用研究进展  

Research Progress on Health Mechanism and Application of Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids

作　　者：黄和[1] 任波 孙小曼 HUANG He;REN Bo;SUN Xiaoman(School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学食品与制药工程学院,江苏南京210023

出　　处：《食品科学技术学报》2024年第5期1-12,共12页Journal of Food Science and Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金重点项目(22038007)。

摘　　要：ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸(omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids,ω-3 PUFAs)是一类重要的功能性高值脂肪酸,包括α-亚麻酸(ALA)、二十碳五烯酸(EPA)和二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)等,在膳食中主要来源于植物油或海洋多脂鱼类。近年来,利用微藻、丝状真菌、产油酵母等微生物生产ω-3 PUFAs,使其供应短缺、品质不稳定的问题显著改善,广泛扩大了其应用范围。ω-3 PUFAs在预防心血管疾病、神经退行性疾病、抑郁症、癌症,促进婴幼儿神经发育以及创面愈合和组织修复等方面均具有显著功效,其分子机制涉及缓解神经及系统性炎症、维持细胞结构及功能、激活机体免疫信号等。介绍了ω-3 PUFAs的结构及体内消化吸收过程,系统分析了DHA、EPA等发挥健康功效的分子机制及潜在的区别,总结了ω-3 PUFAs在食品中的应用形式,对ω-3 PUFAs应用的未来趋势进行了展望。提出了改进微生物发酵技术、构建高效基因编辑工具、开发活性保持技术等跨学科的研究方向,以期推动ω-3 PUFAs在食品和膳食补充剂领域的广泛应用。Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids(ω-3 PUFAs)are essential functional high-value fatty acids,comprisingα-linolenic acid(ALA),eicosapentaenoic acid(EPA),and docosahexaenoic acid(DHA).Traditionally,ω-3 PUFAs were primarily obtained from plant oils and marine fatty fish in the diet.Recent advancements in microalgae,filamentous fungi,and oleaginous yeast cultivation have significantly improved the problem ofω-3 PUFA supply shortus and quality unstable,and widely expanded its application scope.ω-3 PUFAs exhibit beneficial effects in preventing cardiovascular disease,neurodegenerative disorders,depression,cancer,promoting infant neurological development,wound healing,and tissue repair.Their molecular mechanisms involve alleviating neurological and systemic inflammation,maintaining cell structure and function,and activating body immune signals.The structure,in vivo digestion,and absorption ofω-3 PUFAs were comprehensively examined.The molecular mechanisms underlying the health benefits of DHA and EPA and potential differences between these fatty acids were systematic analyzed.Additionally,the diverse current applications ofω-3 PUFAs in food products were summerized.Finally,future research directions to optimizeω-3 PUFA production and utilization were prospected.To expand the application ofω-3 PUFAs in food and dietary supplements,interdisciplinary research focusing on improving microbial fermentation technology,constructing efficient gene editing tools,and developing activity maintenance technologies were proposed.

关 键 词：功能性油脂 Ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸 二十二碳六烯酸 二十碳五烯酸 心血管疾病 健康机制 功能食品 

分 类 号：TS201.4[轻工技术与工程—食品科学] TS221[轻工技术与工程—食品科学与工程]