金秀大瑶山香菇子实体成分分析  

Analysis of the Composition in Fruit Body of Lentinus edodes from Jinxiu Dayao Mountains

作　　者：欧娜[1] 谢唯 张小红 韦思萍 钟春城 李志鹏 OU Na;XIE Wei;ZHANG Xiaohong;WEI Siping;ZHONG Chuncheng;LI Zhipeng(Biology Institute,Guangxi Academy of Sciences Co.,Ltd.,Nanning 530003,China;Liuzhou Quality Inspection and Testing Research Center,Liuzhou 545000,China;Institute of Scientific and Technological Information of Jinxiu Yao Autonomous County,Laibin 545799,China;Guangxi Shengte Pharmaceutical Co.,Ltd.,Liuzhou 542500,China)

机构地区：[1]广西科学院生物研究所有限责任公司,广西南宁530003 [2]柳州市质量检验检测研究中心,广西柳州545000 [3]金秀瑶族自治县科学技术情报研究所,广西来宾545799 [4]广西圣特药业有限公司,广西柳州542500

出　　处：《中国食用菌》2024年第5期73-79,共7页Edible Fungi of China

基　　金：广西科技基地和人才专项项目(桂科AD23023007);广西重点研发计划项目(桂科AB21075001)。

摘　　要：对金秀大瑶山香菇子实体常规营养成分、矿物质元素、维生素、生物活性物质、有害成分进行检测与分析,以了解香菇在特定生态环境条件下的成分特征,并为其深加工产品研发提供科学依据。结果表明,金秀大瑶山香菇碳氮营养、矿物质元素、生物活性物质非常丰富,有害成分均低于标准规定。其中,蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维含量分别为30.13、1.87、40.20 g·100^(-1)·g^(-1),蛋白质与脂肪比值达16.11∶1。子实体含有常量元素钾、钙、磷、镁、钠和微量元素铁、锌、铜、锰、硒,具有较强的富集磷、钾、锌能力,含量分别为880、2610、10.6 mg·100^(-1)·g^(-1),钾与钠的比值为235.14∶1,表明其属于高钾低钠食品。富含18种氨基酸,氨基酸总量为21970.32 mg·100^(-1)·g^(-1),必需氨基酸与非必需氨基酸的组成模式分析结果符合FAO/WHO标准提出的理想蛋白质条件;呈鲜的谷氨酸含量最高,占比18.46%。金秀大瑶山香菇中的维生素C含量高达76.26 mg·100^(-1)·g^(-1),分别是所含的维生素B2、烟酸、维生素B6的43.08、10.61、31.13倍,同时含有粗多糖、甘露醇、黄酮、单宁、麦角甾醇、茶多酚等生物活性物质,子实体中超氧化物歧化酶的活性为261 U·g^(-1)。检测出的4种重金属含量均低于标准规定,子实体中无农药残留,完全达到国家规定的绿色食品标准要求。To understand the composition characteristics of Lentinus edodes under specific ecological environment conditions,so as to provide scientific basis for the research and development of the deep processing products,the conventional nutritional components,mineral elements,vitamins,bioactive substances and harmful components in fruit body of L.edodes from Jinxiu Dayao Mountains were detected and analyzed.The results show that the L.edodes from Jinxiu Dayao Mountains was rich in carbon and nitrogen nutrients,mineral elements and bioactive substances,and the harmful components were all lower than the standard.The contents of protein,fat and dietary fiber were 30.13,1.87 and 40.20 g·100^(-1)·g^(-1),respectively,and the ratio of protein to fat was 16.11∶1.The fruit body contained macronutrients potassium,calcium,phosphorus,magnesium,sodium,and trace elements iron,zinc,copper,manganese,selenium,which had a strong ability to concentrate phosphorus,potassium,and zinc,with the contents of 880,2610 and 10.6 mg·100^(-1)·g^(-1),respectively,and the ratio of potassium to sodium was 235.14∶1,indicating that it was a high-potassium and low-sodium food.It was rich in 18 kinds of amino acids,and a total of 21970.32 mg·100^(-1)·g^(-1).The composition pattern of essential and non-essential amino acids were in line with ideal protein conditions proposed by FAO/WHO standards.The content of glutamic acid,which is an umami amino acid,is the highest,accounting for 18.46%.The content of vitamin C in L.edodes from Jinxiu Dayao moutains is as high as 76.26 mg·100^(-1)·g^(-1),which is 43.08,10.61 and 31.13 times of vitamin B2,niacin and vitamin B6,respectively.It also contained bioactive substances such as crude polysaccharide,mannitol,flavone,tannin,ergosterol and tea polyphenols.And the activity of superoxide dismutase in fruit body was 261 U·g^(-1).The contents of four heavy metals detected were lower than the standard,and there was no pesticide residue in the fruit body,which fully met the requirements of the national standard

关 键 词：香菇 金秀大瑶山 营养成分 生物活性物质 有害物质 检测 

分 类 号：S646.1[农业科学—蔬菜学]