什么是学科实践?——基于本体论视角  

What Are Discipline Practices:Based on the Perspective of Ontology

作　　者：杨道宇 Yang Daoyu(School of Educational Science,Hunan Normal University,Changsha 410081,China)

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学教育科学学院,长沙410081

出　　处：《华东师范大学学报（教育科学版）》2024年第12期73-81,共9页Journal of East China Normal University:Educational Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金后期资助项目“从良知开出万物一体:王阳明教育哲学阐释”(23FJKB008)。

摘　　要：学科实践是认识世界与改造世界的活动走向专业化的结果。作为核心素养时代育人新范式的学科实践,在其本义上具有行为、思想与反思三个维度的内涵:在行为维度上,学科实践指向了亲身践履的经验调查,这一调查以基于真实世界的真问题提出为起点,以客观事实为经验对象,以动手操作为基本方式,以获取一手经验数据为直接目的,以服务理论建构与工程设计为基本宗旨;在思想维度上,学科实践在科学层面指向了以揭示与表征世界本来面目为目的的理论思维建构,在工程层面指向了以设计改造世界的工程为目的的工程思维建构;在反思维度上,学科实践指向了实践者以自身实践的行为与思想为对象而反观自身、改善自身、激励自身的实践自觉,是确定自身实践状态的自我清晰、提升自身实践质量的自我批判与激励自身实践前行的自我勉励三方面的有机统一。Discipline practices are the result of the specialization of the activities of understanding and reform-ing the world.As a new paradigm of talent cultivation in the era of core competencies,original connotations of dis-ciplinary practices have three dimensions:behavior,cognition and reflection.In the behavioral dimension,discipline practice points to the empirical investigation,which begins with the presentation of real questions based on the real world,with objective facts as the object of experience,with hands-on operations as the basic method,with the direct aim of obtaining first-hand empirical data,and with the basic tenet of service theory construction and engineering design.In the thinking dimension,discipline practice from sciences points to the construction of theoretical thinking aimed at revealing and representing the world as it really is,and its engineering level points to the construction of en-gineering thinking aimed at designing of transforming the world.In the reflective dimension,discipline practice points to the practice consciousness of the practitioner,who takes his own practice behavior and thought as the ob-ject to reflect on himself,improve himself,and motivate himself.It is the organic unity of self-clarity of determining self-practice state,self-criticism of improving self-practice quality,and self-encouragement of motivating self-prac-tice forward.

关 键 词：学科实践 经验调查 思维建构 自我反思 

分 类 号：G632.0[文化科学—教育学]