无人机LiDAR技术在陇海铁路复测中的应用及精度分析  

Application and Accuracy Analysis of Unmanned Aerial Vehicle LiDAR Technology in the Resurvey of Lanzhou-Lianyungang Railway

作　　者：王世君[1] WANG Shijun(China Railway First Survey and Design Institute Group Co.Ltd.,Xi′an Shaanxi 710043,China)

机构地区：[1]中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司,陕西西安710043

出　　处：《铁道建筑技术》2024年第11期205-208,221,共5页Railway Construction Technology

基　　金：中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司重点专项研发项目(2021KY73ZD(ZDZX)-01);中铁第一勘察设计院集团有限公司科技研发项目(KY23-B020)。

摘　　要：既有铁路线复测采用传统测量方法时需要在天窗点内进行,作业效率低,且存在严重的安全隐患。为了避免既有线复测在天窗点内上线作业,降低安全隐患,提出陇海铁路某段既有线复测采用无人机+机载LiDAR技术的新方法。无人机低空往返飞行进行机载激光雷达扫描,并保证往返航线的重叠区域覆盖铁路路肩范围,以获取既有铁路线范围内高密度激光点云数据。通过点云数据处理,利用分布合理的地面标靶纠正点云数据,提高激光点云三维坐标精度,在高精度激光点云上直接提取轨道中线、道岔岔尖、警冲标等铁路要素。将点云上提取的轨面坐标、高程与采用传统GNSS-RTK、水准测量方法测得的轨面坐标及高程进行比对分析,结果表明采用无人机激光雷达技术获取的轨道精度可以达到2 cm,能够满足既有线复测精度需要。When resurveying an existing railway line using traditional surveying methods,it needs to be conducted within the skylight point,which has low operating efficiency and serious safety hazards.To avoid the resurveying of the existing line in the skylight point and reduce safety hazards,a new method of resurveying an existing line of a section of Lanzhou-Lianyungang Railway using UAV+airborne LiDAR technology was proposed.The UAV performed airborne LiDAR scanning by low-altitude round-trip flight,and ensured that the overlapping area of the round-trip route covered the railway shoulder range to obtain high-density laser point cloud data within the existing railway line.Through point cloud data processing,the point cloud data was corrected by using reasonably distributed ground targets to improve the accuracy of the three-dimensional coordinates of the laser point cloud,and railway elements such as the center line of the track,the turnout switch point,and the fouling point indicators were directly extracted on the high-precision laser point cloud.The track surface coordinates and elevations extracted from the point cloud were compared and analyzed with the track surface coordinates and elevations measured by traditional GNSS-RTK and leveling methods.The results showed that the track accuracy obtained by UAV LiDAR technology can reach 2 cm,which can meet the accuracy requirements of resurveying the existing line.

关 键 词：无人机 激光雷达 点云 标靶 既有铁路 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感] U212.2[天文地球—测绘科学与技术]