康德关于审美普遍性的双重证明  

Kant on the Dual Proof of Aesthetic Universality

作　　者：彭保林 戴茂堂 Peng Baolin;Dai Maotang(School of Philosophy,Hubei University,Wuhan 430062,China;International Center for Philosophy,Beijing Normal University,Zhuhai 519087,China)

机构地区：[1]湖北大学哲学学院,湖北武汉430062 [2]北京师范大学哲学国际中心,广东珠海519087

出　　处：《浙江大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2024年第11期150-159,共10页Journal of Zhejiang University:Humanities and Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社科基金重大招标项目(22&ZD043)。

摘　　要：康德批判哲学体系把证明人的认识、道德和审美何以具有普遍性作为根本旨趣。其中,康德为了证明审美普遍性,一方面在看不见的人的审美心理体验上探寻审美普遍有效的先天条件,康德找到了共通感;另一方面又在看得见的人的审美经验事实里寻求审美普遍有效的现实根据,康德找到了艺术。只有共通感,人的情感的普遍传递得不到现实的、经验的体察;只有艺术,人的情感的普遍传递得不到先天确认与根本保证。可见,康德对审美普遍性的双重证明是相互支撑的。According to Kant,aesthetics must possess universality.Otherwise,it would fall into the dilemma of the modern empiricist aesthetics.One of Kant’s key tasks in the Critique of Judgment is to prove the universality of aesthetic judgments.Not only does Kant provide proof,but he offers a dual proof.On one hand,he explores the transcendental conditions for universally valid aesthetic judgments within the invisible realm of human aesthetic psychological experience,where he discovers common sense(Gemeinsinn).On the other hand,he seeks the empirical basis for the universal validity of aesthetics in the visible realm of human aesthetic experience,where he finds art.Kant is acutely aware that if common sense were the sole proof,the universal transmission of human emotions would lack empirical,experiential validation.Conversely,if art were the sole proof,the universal transmission of emotions would lack prior confirmation and transcendental guarantees.Clearly,for Kant,both common sense and art are indispensable,equally important,mutually reinforcing,and interdependent in proving the universality of aesthetic judgments.By finding both common sense and art,Kant essentially provides a“double insurance”for aesthetic universality.Kant’s use of common sense to provide an transcendental proof for aesthetic universality is most innovative in that he distinguishes between objective universality and subjective universality.Through the contrast between reflective judgment and determinative judgment,he uses subjective universality to counter objective universality.This not only establishes universality for aesthetics but also grounds the universality in human nature.In Kant’s words,aesthetic judgment achieves the universal communicability of emotions without the aid of concepts.This opens a new path for understanding the tension between universality and particularity.Kant’s use of art to provide an empirical proof for aesthetic universality is equally innovative in that he transcends the previously dominant theories of art

关 键 词：康德 审美 普遍性 共通感 艺术 

分 类 号：B516.31[哲学宗教—外国哲学] J01[艺术—艺术理论]