核桃分心木的体外消化特性及其对人体肠道菌群的影响  

In Vitro Digestive Properties and the Effect of Diaphragma Juglandis Fructus on Human Gut Microbiota

作　　者：赵晓兰 刘冰[1] 辛凤姣[2,3] 温博婷 ZHAO Xiaolan;LIU Bing;XIN Fengjiao;WEN Boting(College of Food Science and Engineering,Tianjin University of Science and Technology,Tianjin 300457;Institute of Food Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Beijing 100193;Institute of Agricultural Product Processing and Nutritional Health,Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Cangzhou,Hebei 061001)

机构地区：[1]天津科技大学食品科学与工程学院,天津300457 [2]中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所,北京100193 [3]中国农业科学院农产品加工与营养健康研究院(沧州),河北沧州061001

出　　处：《核农学报》2025年第2期317-328,共12页Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国农业科学院农产品加工研究所创新工程院所重点任务(CAAS-ASTIP-G2022-IFST-03)。

摘　　要：为阐明核桃分心木的体外消化特性及其对人体肠道菌群的影响,本研究以分心木为底物进行体外上消化道消化和体外结肠微生物发酵试验,对整个消化过程进行理化性质分析,通过微生物多样性分析研究体外发酵后分心木对人体肠道菌群多样性和组成的影响,并通过代谢组学分析分心木对人体肠道菌群的影响及其在肠道中产生的代谢物。结果表明,肠道微生物发酵可以最大程度释放分心木中的多酚物质,显著提高其抗氧化能力,其中1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸(ABTS)自由基清除能力以及亚铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)最高分别达22.95 mg·g^(-1)DW、3.88 mmol·g^(-1)DW和1.14 mmol·g^(-1)DW。经微生物发酵后,分心木的表面微观形态明显瓦解。16S rRNA微生物多样性分析发现,与空白对照组相比,试验组拟杆菌门、梭杆菌门和变形菌门的丰度增加;在属水平上,普雷沃氏菌属和梭杆菌属的相对丰度增加;而某些促炎细菌(如多雷亚菌属、另枝菌属、科利德克士菌属和嗜胆菌属)的生长繁殖受到显著抑制。非靶向代谢组学分析发现,共有1338种差异代谢物富集在269个京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)通路中。其中,阿魏酸、伞形花序酮、表儿茶素、绿原酸、脱落酸、芥子酚醛和东莨菪碱等代谢物基因表达明显上调,这些代谢物分别富集在苯丙烷类、类黄酮、植物次级代谢物和次级胆汁酸的生物合成通路中。本研究为提高核桃加工副产物的附加价值提供了理论基础。To elucidate the in vitro digestive properties and the effect of diaphragma juglandis fructus(DJF)on the human gut microbiota,this study conducted in vitro upper gastrointestinal digestion and in vitro colonic microbial fermentation experiments using DJF as substrate.The study analyzed the physical and chemical properties throughout the digestive process,investigated the effects of DJF on the diversity and composition of human gut microbiota after in vitro fermentation through microbial diversity analysis,and analyzed the metabolites released after fermentation by gut microbiota through metabolomics.Results showed that gut microbial fermentation could maximize the release of phenolics and flavonoids,resulting in more excellent antioxidant capacities,with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH),2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)(ABTS)and ferric reducing antioxidant power(FRAP)assays,which reached a highest value with 22.95 mg·g^(-1)DW,3.88 mmol·g^(-1)DW and 1.14 mmol·g^(-1)DW,respectively.The surface micromorphology of DJF became fragmented after microbial fermentation.The results of 16S rRNA microbial diversity analysis demonstrated that DJF could increase the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes,Fusobacteriota and Proteobacteria in phylum level compared to CK group.In genus level,the relative abundance of Prevotella and Fusobacterium was increased but certain pro-inflammatory bacteria(such as Dorea,Alistipes,Colidextribacter and Bilophila)was inhibited significantly in DJF group.Additionally,1338 differential metabolites were identified and enriched in 269 Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG)pathways.Among these metabolites,some metabolites were significantly up-regulated including ferulic acid,umbelliferone,epicatechin,chlorogenic acid,abscisic acid,sinapoyl aldehyde and scopoline,and they were enriched in some pathways including biosynthesis of phenylpropanoids,flavonoids,plant secondary metabolites and secondary bile acid.This study provides a theoretical basis for improving the add

关 键 词：分心木 体外消化 体外发酵 肠道菌群 代谢物 

分 类 号：TS209[轻工技术与工程—食品科学]