职前教师工程思维培养路径的循证研究——基于教育神经科学证据的多案例比较  

Evidence-based Research on Pre-service Teachers’Pathways to Engineering Thinking:A Multi-case Comparison Based on Evidence from Educational Neuroscience

作　　者：王晶莹 孔楠 周丹华 荣振山 朱艳梅 卢宇 Jingying WANG;Nan KONG;Danhua ZHOU;Zhenshan RONG;Yanmei ZHU;Yu LU(Faculty of Education,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875;School of Humanities and Social Sciences,Beihang University,Beijing 100191;College of Early Childhood Teacher Training,Nanjing Xiaozhuang University,Nanjing 210017,Jiangsu)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学教育学部,北京100875 [2]北京航空航天大学人文社会科学学院,北京100191 [3]南京晓庄学院幼儿师范学院,江苏南京210017

出　　处：《中国教育信息化》2024年第12期80-88,共9页Chinese Journal of ICT in Education

基　　金：2024年中国科学院学部咨询评议项目“生成式人工智能技术赋能科学教育发展战略研究”(编号:211910118)。

摘　　要：工程科技人才是应对新一轮科技革命和产业变革的中坚力量,工程思维是其灵魂。教育硕士承担着教书育人的根本使命,他们的工程思维直接影响中小学生的工程素养,为教育强国建设蓄力。借助分析“新工科”背景下工程思维培养的演进特征,通过课程目标、育人途径与评价模式的全面升级来探究其实践取向。然后基于脑电神经生理证据的多案例比较研究法,对比不同教学模式对教育硕士学习难易程度不同的工程问题的影响,探究工程思维培养的有效策略。实验先行:教学方式影响新手解决问题的策略选择;打破束缚:突破学科思维定势才能解决新问题;专业壁垒:问题难易影响职前教师工程思维的运用;随机应变:工程思维塑造大脑的变式能力。基于此对教育硕士工程思维培养路径提出优化:一是摒弃重科研、轻实践的观念,拓宽实践创新的培育策略;二是突破思维定势,多维评估职前教师的学业表现;三是基于真实情境设置高阶思维实践问题,循证养成工程思维;四是为工程活动搭建系统思维支架,塑造问题解决的变式思维。Engineering and technology talents are the backbone to cope with the new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial change,and engineering thinking is their soul.Master of Education undertakes the fundamental mission of teaching and educating people,and their engineering thinking directly affects the engineering literacy of primary and secondary school students,and builds up strength for the construction of a strong educational country.With the help of analyzing the evolution characteristics of engineering thinking cultivation under the background of“New Engineering”,the paper explores its practical orientation through the comprehensive upgrading of curriculum objectives,cultivation pathways and evaluation modes.Then,based on the multi-case comparative research method of EEG neurophysiological evidence,the paper compares the effects of different teaching modes on engineering problems with different degrees of difficulty in M.Ed.and explores the effective strategies of engineering thinking cultivation,i.e.,experiments first:the teaching mode influences the selection of problem solving strategies for novices,breaking the constraints;breaking through the thinking of disciplines in order to solve new problems,professional barriers;the difficulty of problems influences the application of engineering thinking,and improvisation:engineering thinking can only be solved through the use of new engineering problems by the students.application,and improvisation:engineering thinking shapes the brain’s ability to change its form.Based on this,we propose to optimize the cultivation path of engineering thinking in Master of Education:first,abandon the concept of emphasizing scientific research and neglecting practice,and broaden the cultivation strategy of practice and innovation;second,guide students to break through thinking stereotypes,and multidimensionally assess the academic performance of engineering students;third,set up higher-order thinking practice problems based on real situations,and develo

关 键 词：教育硕士 职前教师 工程思维 高等工程教育 多案例比较 脑电研究 

分 类 号：G434[文化科学—教育学]