“融合教育”与“全纳教育”关系再辨析  

Rethinking the Relationship Between″Integrated Education″and″Inclusive Education″

作　　者：李尚卫 LI Shangwei(Institute on Special Education,Hainan Normal University,Haikou,Hainan,571158,China)

机构地区：[1]海南师范大学,海南海口571158

出　　处：《教育与教学研究》2025年第1期111-128,共18页Education and Teaching Research

基　　金：海南省哲学社会科学规划项目“自贸港建设背景下海南残障群体学习评价与提升研究”〔编号:HNSK(JD)21-22〕。

摘　　要：全纳教育是联合国教科文组织20世纪90年代在反思隔离教育和融合教育中的排斥现象基础上提出的新理念。目前,世界各国十分重视融合教育与全纳教育政策,学界也十分关注全纳教育与融合教育实践动态,国际组织与许多学者从教育的起源、对象、场所、影响和目标等方面明确界定融合教育与全纳教育的内涵,阐明了二者的区别与联系。然而,仍有学者误解或误读国际组织与相关学者的融合教育与全纳教育观,混淆二者的区别与联系。文章进一步梳理了国内外学者对融合教育与全纳教育关系的理解,并基于词源义与国际组织的共识提出,融合教育是指有/无特殊需要个体一起接受教育和参与学习,全纳教育则指为所有学习者包括特殊需要个体提供公平、适宜和优质的教育;二者在教育的起源、对象、场所、影响和目标等方面存在差异,而在价值取向、发展态势与进程等方面又相互联系。全纳教育是对融合教育的超越,是所有教育形态的目标追寻。Inclusive education is a new concept put forward by UNESCO in the 199Os on the basis of reflection on exclusion in segregated education and integrated education.The present literature has shown that many countries around the world have attached great importance to integrated education and inclusive education and the scholars have paid close attention to the practical status of integrated education and inclusive education.At meantime,international organizations and many scholars have clearly defined the connotation of integrated education and inclusive education from the aspects of education origin,object,place,influence,goals,etc.,and clarified the differences and connections between the two.However,some scholars still misunderstand and misread the views of international organizations and related scholars on integrated and inclusive education,and confuse the differences and connections between the two.This research fist sums up the debate among domestic and foreign scholars on the relationship between integrated education and inclusive education.Then,based on the consensus of intemational organizations and the etymology of integrated education and inclusive education,it proposes that integrated education means that individuals with/without special needs receive education and participate in learning together,and inclusive education means that providing fainess appropriate and high-quality education for all learners,which both are dfferent from each other about education origin,object,place,influence,goals,etc.and related to each other on value orientation,developmental trends and process.Inclusive education is beyond integrated education and the goal pursuit of all education forms.

关 键 词：融合教育 全纳教育 特殊需要 障碍儿童 

分 类 号：G760[文化科学—特殊教育学]