从传统到现代:高等教育理念的缺失与修正  

From Tradition to Modern:The Absence and Reconstruction of the Idea of Higher Education

作　　者：张雅鑫 王建华[1] ZHANG Yaxin;WANG Jianhua(School of Educational Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210097,China)

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学教育科学学院,南京210097

出　　处：《重庆高教研究》2025年第1期118-127,共10页Chongqing Higher Education Research

基　　金：江苏省研究生科研与实践创新计划项目“罗纳德·巴尼特高等教育希望哲学研究”(KYCX24_1714)。

摘　　要：从传统高等教育理念到现代高等教育理念的演绎是一个由大学实体理念到教育本体理念的转变过程。传统高等教育理念是围绕大学机构在组织与制度层面建构的实体理念,在对知识学根基和理性传统的辩护中,将学生视为大学的客体,即学生是大学的组成部分而非高等教育的主体。由于未能在微观上观照教育过程,传统高等教育理念在教育维度上存在缺失,学生主体和人学基础没有得到充分重视,导致传统高等教育理念的本体论危机。客观知识的瓦解和高等教育教化功能的弱化,瓦解了传统高等教育理念赖以存在的认识论基础。当前量化评估和绩效测量的盛行危及高等教育理念的合法性根基,现代高等教育理念的重构需要立足于教育过程。作为一个致力于人性启蒙、升华与解放的教育过程,高等教育需要实现学生的自由和解放,学生而非高深知识应成为建构现代高等教育理念的核心。我们应以教育逻辑复归学生的主体地位,以知识的实践主体--学生超越传统高等教育理念中的知识合法性,并通过高等教育的解放概念重建自由高等教育理念--重申高等教育的解放观,以关系型教育取代传统的知识教育,以塑造可持续发展的高等教育生态,重塑高等教育的想象力。The evolution from traditional to modern higher education idea is a fundamental transformation from the institutional to educational ontological idea of the university entity.Traditional higher education idea is essentially an institutional idea built around the university organization and institutional framework,defending the foundations of knowledge and rational tradition,traditional higher education idea regards students as objects of the university,that is as components of the university rather than the subject of higher education.Due to its lack of attention to the micro level of education process,traditional higher education idea lacks an educational dimension,and the student subject and the foundation of humanity have not been fully recognized,leading to an ontological crisis of traditional higher education idea.The collapse of objective knowledge and the weakening of the educational function of higher education have undermined the epistemological basis on which traditional the idea of higher education depends.The prevalence of quantitative evaluation and performance measurement endangers the legitimacy of the foundational basis of the idea of higher education,and the reconstruction of modern idea of higher education requires a grounding in the educational process.Higher education,as an educational process aiming at enlightening,elevating,and liberating humanity,needs to achieve the freedom and liberation of students,and students,rather than advanced knowledge,constitute the core of the modern idea of higher education Therefore,we should restore the subject status of students in higher education with the logic of education,transcend the legitimacy of knowledge in traditional idea of higher education through the practical subject of knowledge-students,and reconstruct the liberal higher education through the idea of liberation in education,replace traditional knowledge education with relational education,and shape a sustainable higher education ecology to reshape the imagination of higher education.

关 键 词：高等教育理念 大学理念 解放教育 知识教育 

分 类 号：G644[文化科学—高等教育学]