欧李‘农大7号’和‘DS-1’杂交F1代果实性状的遗传变异分析  

Genetic variation analysis of fruit traits in F1 generation of Cerasus humilis‘Nongda 7’בDS-1’hy⁃brids

作　　者：刘雅茹 张璐 叶浩佳 王辰怡 穆霄鹏[1] 张帅 张建成[1] 王鹏飞[1] Liu Yaru;Zhang Lu;Ye Haojia;Wang Chenyi;Mu Xiaopeng;Zhang Shuai;Zhang Jiancheng;Wang Pengfei(College of Horticulture Science,Shanxi Agricultural University,Jinzhong 030801,China)

机构地区：[1]山西农业大学园艺学院,山西晋中030801

出　　处：《山西农业大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期41-51,共11页Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University(Natural Science Edition)

基　　金：山西农业大学生物育种工程(YZGC108);科技部高端外国专家引进计划(G2022004008L)。

摘　　要：[目的]探究欧李杂交后代果实主要品质性状的遗传变异规律,筛选低酸低涩优良株系。[方法]创制了‘农大7号’和‘DS-1’正交和反交群体,测定了F1代果实可滴定酸、可溶性固形物、单宁、单果重、果实硬度等品质性状指标,进行遗传变异分析。采用赋值法将果实性状各指标进行量化,进行聚类分析。[结果]杂交后代可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、单宁、单果重、果形指数、果实硬度等均存在较大程度的分离。杂交后代果实可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、固酸比、单宁整体表现为偏高亲遗传倾向,果形指数表现为趋中偏低的遗传倾向,单果重表现为偏低亲遗传的倾向,果实硬度表现为明显的趋中遗传倾向。‘DS-1’ב农大7号’后代固酸比、可滴定酸、单宁、单果重、果实硬度变异系数分别为26.71%、27.03%、32.35%、32.32%、20.83%,分离较为广泛,选择潜力较大。正交和反交后代可溶性固形物变异系数分别为13.15%、16.34%,选择潜力较小。杂交后代果实硬度、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、单宁优势率均为正值,具有一定的杂种优势。[结论]杂交后代果实酸度和涩度表现为明显的母性遗传特性,低酸亲本作为母本,后代更容易筛选出鲜食品质优良的变异单株。通过组间连接法进行聚类分析,从‘DS-1’ב农大7号’后代中筛选出7个低酸低涩优良株系。[Objective]This study aimed to investigate the genetic variation patterns of key fruit quality traits in Cerasus humilis hybrid offspring and identify low-acid and low-astringency superior strains within the hybrid population.[Methods]Orthogonal and reciprocal hybrid populations were established using‘Nongda 7’and‘DS-1’as parent varieties.Fruit quality traits,including titratable acidity,soluble solids,tannins,single fruit weight,and fruit hardness,were evaluated to analyze genetic variation.[Results]Significant segregation was observed in soluble solids,titratable acidity,single fruit weight,fruit shape index,and fruit hardness among the hybrid offspring.Traits such as soluble solids,titratable acidity,acid ratio,and tannins exhibited a tendency toward inheritance from higher-value parental traits,while fruit shape index tended toward lower-value inheritance.Single fruit weight showed a tendency toward lower parental inheritance,and fruit hardness displayed intermediate inheritance.The coefficients of variation of acid ratio,titratable acidity,tannins,single fruit weight,and fruit hardness in the‘DS-1’בNongda 7’offspring were 27.81%,28.39%,32.25%,39.2%,and 20.49%respectively,indicating broad segregation and high selection potential.Soluble solids exhibited lower variation,13.15%and 16.34%in orthogonal and reciprocal offspring,respectively,suggesting limited selection potential.Positive hybrid vigor was observed in traits such as fruit hardness,soluble solids,titratable acidity,and tannins,reflecting certain hybrid advantages.[Conclusion]The acidity and astringency of the hybrid offspring exhibited clear maternal genetic influence,making the use of a low-acid parent as the maternal line advantageous for selecting superior variant for fresh consumption.By quantifying fruit traits through an assignment method and applying cluster analysis,seven low-acid and low-astringency superior lines were identified in the‘DS-1’בNongda 7’offspring.

关 键 词：欧李 杂交 可滴定酸 可溶性固形物 单宁 遗传 

分 类 号：S662.5[农业科学—果树学]